A compact optical heterodyne interferometer by optical integration and its application

A compact high-resolution optical heterodyne interferometer combining a two-frequency light module and a minute optical system is described. The light module, which generates two independent frequencies of light, is fabricated by proton exchange method on LiNbO₃ substrate. We report an experiment evaluating measurement accuracy using a micro-displacement measurement system which incorporates this interferometer. Results of the experiment with a standard thickness sample show high thermal stability with maximum measurement error of 1.8 nm at a temperature from 19°C to 33°C. The system was used to measure the hysteresis of a piezoelectric element for displacements of several nm, thereby making it possible to analyze the system quantitatively in practice.     

应用LiNbO_3声表面波驱动的全光纤声光频移器

介绍一种工作在10.7MHz的全光纤声光频移器.它由在LiNbO_3基片上制作的叉指电极换能器产生的声表面波驱动.当驱动电功率1.5W时,频移光转换效率达35％.     

Validation of an optimization procedure to improve low frequency characteristics of rooms

A set of experiments was carried out to validate an optimization procedure based on finite element method (FEM). The idea of the procedure, fully presented in previous edition of this journal [Zhu X, Zhu Z, Cheng J. Using optimized surface modifications to improve low frequency response in a room. Appl Acoust 2004;65:841-60], is to produce an optimal geometry modification on the wall for improving low frequency sound uniformity in small rooms. Four experimental models were set up with a scale of 1:5. One was modified according to the optimized result and the others were treated with no optimization consideration. Measured frequency responses of four rooms were compared with numerical results calculated by FEM models. The transient responses in these rooms were also measured and analyzed. The agreements between calculation and measurement are satisfactory though the discrepancies due to the uncertainty of acoustic behavior of the room boundaries remain. The optimization procedure has been supported by the results that the optimized room produces the flattest frequency response and also the most smooth energy decay within the frequency range studied. The reductions of response fluctuation have reached 4.3 dB for prediction and 2.6 dB for measurement, respectively.     

Stability of Markovian structure observed in high frequency foreign exchange data

Contrary to the common sense in economics and financial engineering, price fluctuations at very fine level of motion exhibit various evidences against the efficient market hypothesis. We attempt to investigate this issue by studying extensive amount of foreign currency exchange data for over five years at the finest level of resolution. We specifically focus on the proposed stability in binomial conditional probabilities originally found in much smaller examples of financial time series. In order to handle very large data, we have written an efficient program in C that automatically generates those conditional probabilities. It is found that the stability is maintained for extremely large time duration that covers almost the entire period. Based on the length of conditions for which the conditional probabilities are distinguishable each other, we identify the length of memory being less than 3 movements.     

重力场与静电场特点的比较

“场”是一种客观存在的物质，但由于“场”具有不易直接感受的特殊存在形态，同学们对“场”的物质性的理解不够深刻，解决“场”的相关问题时也感到棘手．笔者就高中阶段最典型的两种场——“重力场”和“静电场”的力学性质与能量特点进行比较，使同学们对“场”的概念有更深刻的认识．     

机械结构因素对光电跟踪伺服系统性能的影响

为克服机械结构因素对光电跟踪伺服系统性能的不良影响,分析了转动惯量、结构谐振频率、摩擦力矩等伺服机械结构因素与伺服系统性能的关系,包括分析转动惯量与伺服系统性能的关系、结构谐振频率与伺服系统性能的关系、摩擦力矩与伺服系统性能的关系,探讨了消除或减小机械谐振的措施.该分析方法可应用于设计和制造响应速度快、跟踪精度高的光电跟踪伺服系统.     

Spectral Domain Analysis of Coaxial Cavities

Coaxial cavities are used in high power gyrotrons as the beam-wave interaction structure. Much research has been devoted to their mode selective properties. A coaxial cavity lacks a sharp boundary at its open end, so it has some physical features that can only be observed using a spectral model, such as frequency-dependent field profiles and mode overlapping effects. These properties are important since cold tests are usually conducted in the frequency domain. This study applies the incident/reflected wave boundary condition to the wave equation of a weakly irregular coaxial waveguide. The resistivity of the wall is considered in the analysis. Calculations reveal that the fixed-position spectrum yields an uncertain resonant frequency and quality factor. Although the maximum-field spectrum can uniquely determine the properties of the coaxial cavity, the resonant frequency obtained using the maximum-field spectral model is inconsistent with that obtained using the temporal model. The field-energy spectrum explains the low Q nature of the coaxial cavity. Moreover, resonant frequencies evaluated using the field-energy spectrum agree precisely with those evaluated using the temporal model.     

Apparatus for High-Resolution Solid Hydrogen Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy and Its Application

Apparatus integrating a Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and a mid-infrared difference frequency generation (DFG) laser spectrometer was built for the study of the matrix isolation spectrum in solid molecular hydrogen. A 3-cm-long molecular hydrogen crystal was grown in a liquid-helium Dewar, and its infrared absorption spectrum in the 1-5 μm region was recorded to test the system. The W₀(0) (ν=0←0, J=6←0) line around 2410 cm⁻¹ of solid hydrogen was investigated with the DFG laser spectroscopy. High-resolution matrix isolation spectrum of CO² co-deposited with hydrogen on a BaF₂ cold plate at liquid-helium temperature was studied.     

方位伺服系统扭转振动固有频率的分析

本文阐述了伺服系统结构设计中估算系统固有频率的必要性,介绍了一种分析和计算经纬仪方位伺服系统扭转振动固有频率的方法。     

TERAHERTZ QUALITY CONTROL OF POLYMERIC PRODUCTS

We report on experiments that evaluate the potential of terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) for quality control of polymeric compounds. We investigate specimens out of a polyethylene compound with silver-coated titanium dioxide nanospheres and a glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composite. We further examine an industrial polymer product produced by injection molding. Our data demonstrates that THz imaging is a powerful tool for contactless quality control in the polymer industry.