气体放电系统中多臂螺旋波的数值分析

采用Purwins的三变量模型, 在二维空间对气体放电系统中多臂螺旋波的形成和转化进行了数值研究. 通过分析方程参数对系统空间的影响, 确定了系统获得稳定螺旋波的参数空间; 得到了斑图由简单静态六边形到螺旋波的演化过程, 分析了螺旋波的形成机制和时空特性; 进一步获得六种不同臂数的多臂螺旋波斑图(例如: 双臂、三臂、四臂、五臂、六臂和七臂螺旋波). 结果表明: 螺旋波斑图出现在图灵-霍普夫(Turing-Hopf)空间, 是Turing模和Hopf模相互竞争、相互作用的结果; 不同臂数的螺旋波波头均在持续地旋转运动, 其运动速度随螺旋波臂数的增加而增大; 随着螺旋波臂数的增加, 其波头的运动形式愈加复杂; 由于受微扰及边界条件的影响, 多臂螺旋波可以向臂数少一的螺旋波发生转变, 数值模拟结果与实验结果符合较好. 关键词： 螺旋波 数值模拟 气体放电     

不同氩气气压下铝丝电爆炸的二次放电特性

搭建了RLC放电回路,研究了不同氩气气压下铝丝电爆炸二次放电特性。结果表明,随着气压的变化,电爆炸二次放电电压曲线呈U形。为了阐明氩气和铝蒸气在二次放电过程中的作用,利用光谱仪和高速分幅相机分别研究了二次放电等离子体的自辐射光谱特性和空间分布特性,发现:在低气压下氩气会参与放电,放电通道在铝蒸气表面;高气压下主要是铝蒸气放电,氩气基本不参与放电过程,放电通道在铝蒸气内部。     

高重复频率脉冲功率技术及其应用:(6)代表性的应用

综合介绍了高重复频率脉冲功率在材料、环保、生物·医疗、光源和高能加速器领域的代表性应用。采用脉冲功率的离子注入和表面改性已经被用于工业产品。废气和废液处理的研究成果正在向实用化接近。使用脉冲电场的杀菌和癌症治疗正在吸引很多学者和厂家,因此脉冲功率在生物医学领域的应用前景是非常乐观的。另外,决定未来集成电路工艺标准的极紫外光源已逐步走向生产线。高能加速器上的闸流管会渐渐被功率半导体器件取代。     

微空心阴极放电时空特性

为了揭示微空心阴极放电的放电机理,利用流体模型研究了矩形微空心阴极放电的时间和空间分布特性。在氩气环境下计算得到了压强为1.3×10~4Pa时电流、电势、电场、电子和离子密度等随时间的发展变化。结果表明,整个放电过程分为四个阶段,即预放电阶段、电场由轴向向径向转换阶段、电流缓慢增长向空心阴极效应过渡阶段和稳态放电阶段。稳态放电时出现明显的空心阴极效应,阴极位降区存在很高的径向电场和较高的电子平均能量,而负辉区径向电场很弱,电子平均能量较低,电子和离子密度峰值出现在负辉区,二者数值基本相等,而在阴极位降区离子密度远高于电子密度。     

Taylor公式中的Lagrange型余项R_n(x)的探讨

对函数f(x)的n阶Taylor公式中的Lagrange型余项Rn(x)是否能用f(x)的(n+1)阶导数表示,又能用(n+2)阶导数表示进行了研究,得到了用f(x)的(n+1)阶导数、(n+2)阶导数表示均可的结论,从而使奇偶函数展为Taylor公式更加灵活.     

谈泰勒公式的教学

基于函数微分定义,给出了带佩亚诺余项的泰勒公式的教学方案;基于拉格朗日中值定理,给出了带拉格朗日余项的泰勒公式的教学方案,并对两公式在微分学中的应用给出了举例。     

Characteristics of a large gap uniform discharge excited by DC voltage at atmospheric pressure

A large-gap uniform discharge is ignited by a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge and burns between a needle anode and a plate cathode under a low sustaining voltage by feeding with flowing argon. The basic aspects of the large-gap uniform discharge are investigated by optical and spectroscopic methods. From the discharge images, it can be found that this discharge has similar regions with glow discharge at low pressure except a plasma plume region. Light emission signals from the discharge indicate that the plasma column is invariant with time, while there are some stochastic pulses in the plasma plume region. The optical emission spectra scanning from 300 nm to 800 nm are used to calculate the excited electron temperature and vibrational temperature of the large-gap uniform discharge. It has been found that the excited electron temperature almost keeps constant and the vibrational temperature increases with increasing discharge current.Both of them decreases with increasing gas flow rate.     

Discharge characteristics of the DUHOCAMIS with a high magnetic bottle-shaped field

For the purpose of producing high intensity, multiply charged metal ion beams, the dual hollow cathode ion source for metal ions （DUHOCAMIS） was derived from the hot cathode Penning ion source combined with the hollow cathode sputtering experiments in 2007. To investigate the behavior of this discharge geometry in a stronger magnetic bottle-shaped field, a new test bench for DUHOCAMIS with a high magnetic bottle-shaped field up to 0.6 T has been set up at the Peking University. The experiments with magnetic fields from 0.13 T to 0.52 T have indicated that the discharge behavior is very sensitive to the magnetic flux densities. The slope of discharge curves in a very wide range can be controlled by changing the magnetic field as well as regulated by adjusting the cathode heating power; the production of metallic ions would be much greater than gas ions with the increased magnetic flux density; and the magnetic field has a much higher influence on the DHCD mode than on the PIG mode.     

XPS investigation of the composition of the external surface of concrete after demoulding,cleaning and carbonation

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with ion beam etching allows the measurements of concentrations gradients at the external surface of concrete. The chemical modifications, caused by the moulding and cleaning operations and due to carbonation, are efficiently investigated. Based on the detection of specific elements (such as chlorine, carbon and silicon), the presence of formworks residues is established on the concrete surface. Similarly, aliphatic (C –(C,H) and carbonaceous (C –O) residues of the demoulding agent can be detected. The concentration gradients show the presence of moulding residues is mainly superficial and decreases rapidly according to the depth. However, certain of these contaminants (and especially polydimethylsiloxane residues) could alter the wetting of aqueous‐based coatings. The sandblasting process can partially remove the moulding residues, but the decontamination remains incomplete in spite of the high increase of the roughness of the samples. On the contrary, the concentrations in aliphatic and carbonaceous residues increase after cleaning with solvents, which can be trapped in the pores of concrete to contaminate the surface. The carbonation process is also investigated by XPS. The concentration gradient of the carbonate component of the C 1 s peak shows a front of carbonation progressing as a function of the time after demoulding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

等离子体技术对CO2甲烷化用Ni/SiO2催化剂的改性作用

采用浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂催化剂,应用等离子体技术对催化剂进行改性处理。以CO₂甲烷化为模型反应对催化剂进行活性评价,通过H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)技术对催化剂进行表征。研究了等离子体技术强化处理对催化剂吸附性能和还原性能的影响。结果表明,与常规焙烧的催化剂相比,等离子体技术改性处理提高了催化剂活性组分的分散度,增加反应活性位并调变了活性位对吸附物种的吸附强度,改进了催化剂的还原性能,CO₂甲烷化反应活性和甲烷的时空产率显著提高。