Effect of Ziziphus and Cordia Gums on Dough Properties and Baking Performance of Cookies

The influence of 2% and 5% Cordia (CG) and Ziziphus (ZG) gums on dough characteristics and cookie quality was investigated. Micro-DoughLab, a texture analyzer (TA), a rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA), and solvent retention capacity were used to examine the effect of CG and ZG gums on dough physicochemical parameters (SRC) and cookie quality. The diameter, thickness, spread, and sensory evaluation of cookies were evaluated. With the addition of CG and ZG, dough softness, mixing time, and mixing tolerance index (MTI) increased, whereas stability and water absorption decreased. TA data showed that adding gums resulted in softer and less sticky doughs than the control, whereas RVA data showed that adding CG resulted in a significant increase in peak viscosity, but no change in flour gel setback. In comparison to the control and CG samples, the ZG samples exhibited the most dough extensibility. The thickness and diameter of the cookies increased but the spread decreased, due to the added gums. The gum-containing cookies had a lower overall acceptability by panelists than the control, although only by a small margin. Gum-containing cookies, on the other hand, can deliver up to 5% soluble fiber.     

多晶硅表面周期性微结构的激光制备与性能研究

为了减小多晶硅表面入射光的反射率,提高太阳能电池的光电效率,利用紫外纳秒激光器在多晶硅表面制备不同深度、不同间距的微凹坑点阵绒面,研究织构形貌对反射率及光电转换效率的影响.通过激光频率的改变实现微凹坑深度的变化,通过微凹坑排布方式的改变实现微凹坑间距的变化;使用光纤光谱仪测量多晶硅表面反射率并通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察微...     

Colored Texture Analysis Fuzzy Entropy Methods with a Dermoscopic Application

Texture analysis is a subject of intensive focus in research due to its significant role in the field of image processing. However, few studies focus on colored texture analysis and even fewer use information theory concepts. Entropy measures have been proven competent for gray scale images. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no well-established entropy methods that deal with colored images yet. Therefore, we propose the recent colored bidimensional fuzzy entropy measure, FuzEnC2D, and introduce its new multi-channel approaches, FuzEnV2D and FuzEnM2D, for the analysis of colored images. We investigate their sensitivity to parameters and ability to identify images with different irregularity degrees, and therefore different textures. Moreover, we study their behavior with colored Brodatz images in different color spaces. After verifying the results with test images, we employ the three methods for analyzing dermoscopic images of malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi. FuzEnC2D, FuzEnV2D, and FuzEnM2D illustrate a good differentiation ability between the two—similar in appearance—pigmented skin lesions. The results outperform those of a well-known texture analysis measure. Our work provides the first entropy measure studying colored images using both single and multi-channel approaches.     

Tamura纹理特征在水下目标分类中的应用

水下高速目标的功率谱图与非高速目标存在一定的差异性。本文介绍了Tamura纹理特征中粗糙度、对比度和方向度的计算方法。而后分别计算了非高速目标和高速目标的Tamura纹理特征量的三个特征量,通过比较发现其在对比度上存在较为明显的差异性。根据支持向量机分类结果进行了特征量选择分析研究,从分类结果来看,利用粗糙度和对比度两个特征量可以较好的分辨高速目标与非高速目标。     

The Setting Behaviour of α‐ and β‐CaSO4 · 0,5 H2O as a Function of Crystal Structure and Morphology

Calcium sulphate subhydrates (CaSO₄ · x H₂O, 0 < x ≤ 0.8) have a honeycomb‐shaped channel structure. The symmetry is either trigonal or a slight deviation thereof. Due to insufficient diffraction data and the high pseudosymmetry of the structure, it is not possible at this point to determine with certainty the specific arrangement of the water molecules in the channels. When the Fourier transformation method is used to calculate the growth form of the hemihydrate (x = 0.5), the calculated crystal form corresponds to the observed form only when the trigonal structural symmetry is largely retained. During dehydration of gypsum or, conversely, during the setting process of hemihydrate, heteroepitaxial growths of hemihydrate are observed on gypsum, or gypsum is grown heteroepitaxially on hemihydrate. The (100) faces of the hemihydrate and (010) of gypsum for the most part run parallel. Using diffraction and spectroscopic methods, it can be shown that a structural difference exists between α‐ and β‐hemihydrates, and that this difference probably accounts for the different setting behaviours. It is in this context that the presence of oxonium ions, particularly in β‐hemihydrate, found in NMR experiments is of interest. Textural studies indicated that the arrangement of gypsum crystals found in hardened gypsum is determined by the hemihydrate.