溴邻苯三酚红褪色光度法测定食盐中碘的研究

在硫酸介质中,碘酸根能氧化溴邻苯三酚红使之褪色,且褪色的程度与碘酸根的存在量有关,从而建立了光度法测定碘的方法。有色溶液的最大吸收波长为510nm,碘的存在量在0～30μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.81×104L·mol-1·cm-1。方法简便、快速、选择性好,准确度高,用于测定食盐中微量碘时,结果满意。     

Separation of Structurally Related Anthocyanins by MEKC

Summary A method based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography has been developed for the simultaneous separation of six anthocyanins (malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside). Optimum selectivity was achieved in the buffer 30 mM phosphate + 400 mM borate-TRIS, pH=7.0 supported with 50 mM sodium dodecylsulphate. High content of borate was essential mainly for the separation of diastereomeric pair malvidin-3-glucoside-malvidin-3-galactoside. The calibration dependencies exhibit good linearity in the ranges of concentration 10–100 g mL^–1 for diglycosylated and 25–100 g mL^–1 for monoglycosylated derivatives (R² = 0.9711–0.9989). The optimized method was applied to a sample of wine grape skin extract. Malvidin-3-glucoside was identified as main anthocyanin colorant in this sample.     

Modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin A determination in Vitis vinifera red grapes tissues

This work described the development and characterization of an electrochemical method using square wave voltammetry (SWV) combined with the use of modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which had shown a rapid and sensitive determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Syrah) post-harvest tissues. The wine grapes were inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus to obtain OTA in artificially infected samples. The OTA was directly determined using square-wave voltammetry. The current obtained is directly proportional to the concentration of OTA present in the samples. This method has been used for OTA determination in wine grapes and it was validated against a commercial ELISA test kit. The limits of detection calculated for electrochemical detection and the ELISA were 0.02 and 1.9 μg kg⁻¹, respectively and the coefficients of variation for accuracy and precision dates were below 5.5%. This method promises to be suitable for the detection and quantification of OTA in apparently healthy fruits post-harvest for assuring safety and quality of food as well as consumer's health.     

Reverse flow injection spectrophotometric determination of iodate and iodide in table salt

A very simple and sensitive reverse flow injection method is described for the determination of iodate and iodide. The iodate reacts with excess iodide in acidic medium to form tri-iodide, which can be spectrophotometrically monitored at 351 nm, and the absorbance is directly related to the concentration of iodate in the sample. The determination of iodide is based on oxidizing iodide to iodate. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.02-3.0 μg ml⁻¹ I with r²=0.9998, and the limit of detection is 0.008 μg ml⁻¹ I. The chemical and flow injection variables were studied and optimized to make the procedure suitable for quantitating iodate and iodide in table salts. It is shown that the reverse flow injection analysis could greatly improve the sensitivity and precision for determination of iodate with a relative standard deviation of 0.9%. A complete analysis, including sampling and washing, could be performed in 35 s. The procedure was applied successfully to the determination of iodate and iodide in table salts, and the results were statistically compared with results determined by standard iodometry method.     

Subduction of coset representations

Summary Enumerations of compounds based on a parent skeleton with and without the influence of obligatory minimum valency (OMV) are reported. The effect of the OMV is formulated by assigning different weights to the respective orbits of the parent skeleton. This type of enumeration requires introduction of several new concepts that are derived from the subduction of coset representations, e.g., a unit subduced cycle index, a subduced cycle index and the number of suborbits.     

Novel numerical and graphical representation of DNA sequences and proteins

We have introduced novel numerical and graphical representations of DNA, which offer a simple and unique characterization of DNA sequences. The numerical representation of a DNA sequence is given as a sequence of real numbers derived from a unique graphical representation of the standard genetic code. There is no loss of information on the primary structure of a DNA sequence associated with this numerical representation. The novel representations are illustrated with the coding sequences of the first exon of β-globin gene of half a dozen species in addition to human. The method can be extended to proteins as is exemplified by humanin, a 24-aa peptide that has recently been identified as a specific inhibitor of neuronal cell death induced by familial Alzheimer's disease mutant genes.     

赤霞珠酿酒葡萄总酚含量的近红外光谱定量分析

酿酒葡萄中的总酚含量是影响葡萄品质的重要指标,也是影响葡萄酒质量的关键因素。为了快速准确地检测赤霞珠葡萄的总酚含量,利用近红外光谱技术结合GA-ELM预测模型对赤霞珠葡萄总酚含量进行预测研究。试验采用5个收获期（每期采集40串,每串取10个）的赤霞珠葡萄,采集200组葡萄的12 500~4 000 cm-1波段范围内的近红外光谱。基于福林酚比色法原理对赤霞珠葡萄的总酚含量进行测定,使用SPXY算法将样品按照3∶1比例分为校正集和预测集,共计150个校正集和50个预测集。分别采用多元散射（MSC）、标准正态变换（SNV）、数据中心化（MC）、移动窗口平滑（MA）和一阶导数+SG方法对原始光谱进行预处理,优选出最佳的预处理方法为MSC。并进一步采用竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）、遗传算法（GA）、联合区间偏最小二乘算法（si-PLS）和连续投影算法（SPA）分别对光谱波段进行提取,经对比分析发现CARS提取的69个特征波长数据能有效提高模型的稳定性和预测结果。在MSC预处理和特征波长提取的基础上,引入极限学习机（ELM）算法,建立赤霞珠葡萄总酚含量的预测模型,在总酚含量预测过程中,采用遗传算法（GA）对ELM模型进行优化,并探究了不同的激活函数和隐含层神经元个数对GA-ELM模型预测能力的影响,确定最优的激活函数为Sigmoidal,最优的神经元个数为50个。最后,将ELM和GA-ELM模型的预测能力进行对比,结果显示GA-ELM模型的预测能力高于ELM模型的预测能力,其中MSC+CARS+GA-ELM模型预测能力最好,校正相关系数（R_c）为0.901 7,预测相关系数（R_p）为0.901 3,校正均方根误差（RMSEC）为2.112 4,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为1.686 8,剩余预测偏差（RPD）为2.308 0。研究结果表明：利用近红外光谱技术结合变量优选建立的GA-ELM模型可实现对赤霞珠葡萄的总酚含量的预测,为赤霞珠葡萄品质的检测奠定了理论基础。     

Characters of table algebras and applications to association schemes

Hanaki [A. Hanaki, Representations of association schemes and their factor schemes, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 195-201; A. Hanaki, Characters of association schemes and normal closed subsets, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 363-369] generalized many properties of characters of finite groups to characters of association schemes. In this paper we show that many of these properties also hold for table algebras. Our approach is not to generalize the proofs in [A. Hanaki, Representations of association schemes and their factor schemes, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 195-201; A. Hanaki, Characters of association schemes and normal closed subsets, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 363-369] to table algebras, but to prove many stronger properties, and then obtain results in [A. Hanaki, Representations of association schemes and their factor schemes, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 195-201; A. Hanaki, Characters of association schemes and normal closed subsets, Graphs Combin. 19 (2003) 363-369] as direct consequences.     

On (4p~2q~(2b),2p~2q~(2b)-pq~b,p~2q~(2b)-pq~b) Menon Difference Sets

Ｏｎ（４ｐ２ｑ２ｂ，２ｐ２ｑ２ｂ－ｐｑｂ，ｐ２ｑ２ｂ－ｐｑｂ）ＭｅｎｏｎＤｉｆｅｒｅｎｃｅＳｅｔｓＷａｎＺｈａｏｚｅ（万兆泽）（ＣｏｌｅｇｅｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ，１００８７１）Ａｂｓ...