IR-spectral investigation of the structure of glasses in the Fe2O3-V2O5 system

The structure of glasses in the Fe₂O₃-V₂O₅ system in the 0–50 mol% Fe₂O₃ range is studied by IR-spectroscopy. It is found that the introduction of Fe₂O₃ favours the transformation of the VO₅-groups into VO₄ ones. This effect may be shown with the aid of IR-spectra, owing to the fact that these glasses are characterized by two high-frequency bands at 1020 and 930 cm^–1. The first is determined by the vibrations of the short V=O nonbridging bonds in the VO₅-groups, while the second is assigned to the vibrations of the V—O-bonds in deformed VO₄-tetrahedra.

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IR-spektroskopische Strukturuntersuchung von Gläsern des Systems Fe₂O₃-V₂O₅

Zusammenfassung Die Struktur von Gläsern des Systems Fe₂O₃-V₂O₅ in dem Bereich von 0–50 Molprozent Fe₂O₃ wurde mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Zusatz von Fe₂O₃ begünstigt die Umwandlung der VO₅- in VO₄-Gruppen. Das kann in den IR-Spektren durch zwei Banden bei 1020 und 930 cm^–1 festgestellt werden. Die erste wird durch Schwingungen der kurzen V=O-Nichtbrücken-bindungen in den VO₅-Gruppen verursacht, die zweite wird auf Schwingungen der V—O-Bindungen in dem deformierten VO₄-Tetraeder zurückgeführt.

     

How do we know who to include in collaborative research? Toward a method for the identification of experts

Collaborative research, defined as research involving actors participating in the problem situation under study, has an important role in operational research, strategic management and systems thinking. In a recent study, we found that a strong organizational focus incorporated into many soft operational research (OR) approaches is inadequate for studying societal problem situations, which are fragmented and have no clear boundary. Specifically, we failed to find a process of identifying individuals that is capable of representing the perspectives of actors and sufficient for research into societal problem situations. We found no clear terminology accounting for ontological differences between actors, individuals representing them and conceptual representations of acting entities. In response to this gap in the literature, we propose terminology that differentiates among actors (individuals or collective entities in the real world), experts (individuals capable of representing the perspective of an actor) and agents (ideal-typical representations of actors). Based on this terminology, we propose an iterative method to guide the assembly of an expert group to undertake collaborative research into societal problem situations. To demonstrate the application of our method, we present selected insights from our study in an electronic supplement.     

Old Reagent,New Results: Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Supported Bismuth Nitrate under Microwave Irradiation in Solventless System

Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyriines were rapidly and efficiently oxidized using bismuth nitrate supported onto silica gel under microwave irradiation.     

Solvent Free Synthesis of Coumarins

An efficient synthesis of 3-substituted coumarins under solventless system is described.     

Microwave Thermolysis: A Rapid and Selective Method for the Cleavage of THP Ethers Using CrO 3 Supported onto Zeolite in Solventless System

Oxidative deprotection of tetrahydropyranyl ethers (THP ethers) using chromium trioxide supported onto zeolite under microwave irradiation in solvent free condition is described.     

Novel Stereoselective Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis and Some Applications of ( E )-2-Chlorovinylthioarenes and Hetarenes

A novel two-step method for the preparation of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes (or hetarenes) from thiols and 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the phase transfer catalytic systems solid K 2 CO 3 /solid KI/18-crown-6/xylene and solid KOH/18-crown-6/toluene has been developed. ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes were isolated in yields up to 98%. Utilization of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes in the Heck and Stille reactions has been shown.     

Resolution enhancement at a large convergence angle by a delta corrector with a CFEG in a low-accelerating-voltage STEM

Resolution reduction by a diffraction limit becomes severe with an increase in the wavelength of an electron at a relatively low accelerating voltage. For maintaining atomic resolution at a low accelerating voltage, a larger convergence angle with aberration correction is required. The developed aberration corrector, which compensates for higher-order aberration, can expand the uniform phase angle. Sub-angstrom imaging of a Ge [1 1 2] specimen with a narrow energy spread obtained by a cold field emission gun at 60 kV was performed using the aberration corrector. We achieved a resolution of 82 pm for a Ge–Ge dumbbell structure image by high angle annular dark-field imaging.     

Asymptotically Constant Solutions of Functional Difference Systems

We consider the functional difference system ( A ) j x i ( n )= f i ( n ; X ), 1 h i h k , where X =( x 1 ,…, x k ) and f 1 (·; X ),…, f k (·; X ) are real-valued functionals of X , which may depend quite arbitrarily on values of X ( l ) for multiple values of l ] Z . We give sufficient conditions for ( A ) to have solutions that approach specified constant vectors as n M X . Some of the results guarantee only that the solutions are defined for n sufficiently large, while others are global. The proof of the main theorem is based on the Schauder-Tychonoff theorem. Applications to specific quasi-linear systems are included.     

On ω-limit Sets of Triangular Maps on the Unit Cube

We consider Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problems of second order with arbitary seperated boundary conditions and perform a suitabl discretization of them. The obtained discrete Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problems are examined and the asymptotic behavior of their eigenvalue as the norm of the partition tends to zero is investigated.