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981.
Well-defined (101) and (001) surfaces of anatase TiO2 were studied for the first time by secondary-electron imaging and low-energy electron diffraction. Initially, both surfaces show a crystalline structure corresponding to the bulk anatase phase, buried under an atomically thin contamination layer. After mild sputtering with 500 eV Ne+ ions, we have observed a surface phase transition from tetragonal anatase to face-centered cubic titanium monoxide TiO. Subsequent annealing at 900 K restores the (1×1) anatase structure at the (101) surface. On the (001) surface, however, a (1×4) reconstruction appears. The unreconstructed structure can be recovered by exposing the surface to oxygen. These observations demonstrate the stability of the anatase surfaces and illustrate the feasibility of preparing and investigating clean surfaces of this technological important form of TiO2.  相似文献   
982.
We present high-resolution photoemission data from the Bi(111)-surface. The electronic structure of the semimetal close to the Fermi level has been found to change dramatically with respect to the well established bulk band structure. The Fermi surfaces observed for the electron and hole bands resemble those of the next group-V element, antimony, probably as a consequence of surface relaxation. This results in a relatively high surface charge density. The observed temperature dependence of the electron Fermi energy confirms this result. Received 8 June 2000  相似文献   
983.
The behavior of zirconium atoms at the W(100) surface associated with oxygen adsorption at different sample temperatures has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and the relative change of the work function (Δф) measured by the onset of the secondary electron energy distribution. The results have revealed: (i) adsorption of zirconium onto the W(100) surface followed by the elevation of the sample temperature up to 1710 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 2.7 × 10−4 induces complete diffusion of zirconium atoms into the W(100) substrate; (ii) further exposure of oxygen induces co-existence of oxygen and tungsten on the surface at 1710 K, resulting in a work function of 4.37 eV; (iii) keeping the sample temperature at 1710 K, simple evacuation of the system has resulted in surface segregation of zirconium atoms to the surface to form a zirconium atomic layer on the top-most surface, reducing the work function to 2.7 eV. The results have revealed that this specific behavior of zirconium atoms at high temperature assures, with very good reproducibility, the highly stable performance and long service life of Zr---O/W(100)-emitters in practical use, even in a low vacuum of 10−6 Pa.  相似文献   
984.
The sessile-drop method is used to measure the surface tension and density of liquid indium and uranium under high vacuum. Measurements are made over the temperature range 156–500°C for In and at the melting point for U. Surface oxides are efficiently removed with a glow discharge system. Drop profiles are captured by photograph and processed using nonlinear regression to yield the surface tension and density. In this regression procedure, normal distances from calculated profiles to data points are minimized. For indium, the density and surface tension measurements yield mp = 7.05 × 103kg/m3, d/dT = −0.776 kg/m3·°C, and γmp = 0.568 N/m, dγ/dT = −9.45 × 10−5 N/m·°C. The results for uranium at the melting point are mp = 17.47 × 103 kg/m3 and γmp = 1.653 N/m.  相似文献   
985.
本文研究了胆绿素的表面增强拉曼光谱。结果表明,在溶液酸度不同时,拉曼光谱特征频率的变化表现出胆绿素的质子化。铜离子与胆绿素的相互作用实验结果说明金属铜离子可与胆绿素生成金属配合物。  相似文献   
986.
Surface and quasi-longitudinal acoustic wave properties have been investigated in potassium titanyl arsenate (KTiOAsO4, KTA) single crystals for the first time. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and power flow angle characteristics have been obtained in rotated Y-cut of KTA crystals. High SAW electromechanical coupling coefficient (0.4%) is found in Z-cut of KTA crystals. For high-frequency devices it is promising the resonators on quasi-longitudinal acoustic wave in X-cut of KTA crystals with sharp response in interdigital transducer conductance at resonance frequency.  相似文献   
987.
The characteristic of surface arc plasma included millisecond and microsecond actuation in supersonic flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the discharge characteristic of surface arc plasma in quiescent air and supersonic flow is recorded. The stable oblique shock could be observed with millisecond actuation. And the unstable compressive wave could be also observed with microsecond actuation. In the numerical investigation, plasma actuation is defined as a source term with input power density from discharge VI characteristic, which is expected to better describe the influence of heating process. The numerical results are coincident with experimental results. In order to confirm the capability of surface arc plasma actuation to control supersonic flow, experimental investigations on control shock induced by ramp and separation of boundary layer induced by impinging shock are performed. All the results demonstrate the control effect of surface arc plasma actuation onto supersonic flow.  相似文献   
988.
表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感系统有角度谱、光谱、强度、相位等解调方式,其中光谱型的(SPR)传感系统因可以使用光纤导光,将传感部分独立出来,可进行远距离传感和现场检测,并能有效缩小系统的体积。对称光波导型(SOW)SPR因金属膜层两边的折射率完全相同,表面等离子体波传播距离更长,穿透深度更深,比传统的SPR系统具有更高的灵敏度和分辨率。对对称波导型(SOW)SPR进行光谱解调研究,以MgF2-Au-MgF2结构的SOW-SPR为传感单元,同时以光纤输出的卤素灯为光源, 搭建了一套光谱解调的SOW-SPR检测系统,以不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液对系统折射率分辨率进行测量,得到2.8×10-7 RIU的分辨率。为SOW-SPR系统小型化、现场检测以及远距离探测提出一种可能实现的手段,具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   
989.
基于表面等离激元共振(SPR)的原理,设计了一种具有矩形凹槽周期阵列微结构的金属增强基底。利用有限元方法对基底表面附近电场的分布进行了理论模拟分析,结果表明在SPR共振情况下,其凹槽微结构坑口处可得到强局域场,局域电场强度EmaxE0可达20。通过改变结构的周期、凹槽长度l、宽度w以及环境介质,SPR共振峰发生规律性的移动,波长覆盖范围为500~1 000 nm。入射光沿x方向偏振的情况下,随着结构x方向周期Px的增加,SPR共振峰明显红移。当入射光波长与Px相当时,观察到凹槽内局域电场突然减小的现象。这是由于满足了波矢匹配条件,传播型SPP被激发导致的。改变凹槽长度l,发现共振波长随l的增加红移,近似呈线性关系。环境介质折射率的增加也会引起共振峰的红移。而凹槽宽度w的增加将导致其蓝移。这种规律性的移动为实现共振波长的调控提供了途径。受Jain研究报道的启发,矩形凹槽结构可以等效为两对偶极耦合模型的组合,从而解释SPR共振峰随结构参数变化而发生的移动。  相似文献   
990.
依据钨材料表面溅射的实验现象,建立钨材料表面粗糙模型,模拟了高能H+、He+粒子辐照下的钨材料表面的溅射行为过程,并与基于离子输运的双群模型计算得到的结果作了比较。结果表明,随着钨材料表面粗糙程度的增加,溅射率降低;对一定的粗糙表面,相同能量的不同入射粒子,质量越大粒子溅射率越高,这些结果为分析聚变装置中心等离子体杂质水平和评价偏滤器寿命等提供了一定的理论支撑。  相似文献   
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