声表面波气体传感器研究进展*

基于声表面波技术的气体传感器包括采用敏感膜和结合气相色谱两种方式。比较而言,采用敏感膜的声表面波气体传感器体积小、功耗低,适应小型化毒气报警器的发展要求,但可检测的气体种类少、灵敏度低、存在交叉干扰问题;声表面波与气相色谱联用的气体分析仪灵敏度高、可检测气体种类多、很好地解决交叉干扰问题,特别适合于复杂大气背景条件下的气体成分分析。本文从传感器响应机理分析与物理功能结构两方面出发介绍了两类声表面波气体传感器的研究进展情况。     

共振瑞利散射法检测水环境中痕量锌

基于在Tris-HCl介质中,研究了Zn(SCN)2-4配合物与人血清白蛋白结合的共振瑞利散射光谱.结果发现, Zn(SCN)2-4的加入导致体系共振瑞利散射增强;考察了各种影响因素和适宜的反应条件;确定了共振瑞利散射光强度与Zn2 的关系,从而建立了测定痕量Zn2 的共振瑞利光散射新方法;线性范围0.005-1.0μg/mL,检出限1.47ng/mL,用于环境水样中痕量Zn2 的测定,RSD为2.01%-3.74%,加标回收率为94.75%-101.90%.方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、选择性好.     

苯硫酚吸附在新型Ag-Au合金纳米粒子上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

以柠檬酸钠同时还原制备的Ag-Au合金纳米粒子为种子,用盐酸羟胺进一步使其生长得到粒径为40～60 nm的新型Ag-Au合金纳米粒子,采用UV-Vis光谱和TEM对纳米种子和再生长后的纳米粒子分别进行表征。两种粒子的UV-Vis光谱均只观察到一个等离子体共振峰,其频率随金的摩尔分数(x_Au)增加而红移,且TEM图像表明这两种粒子的颜色均一,因此判断这两种粒子均为合金结构。以苯硫酚为探针分子,研究了该新型合金纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),结果表明吸附了苯硫酚的合金纳米粒子的紫外最大吸收峰红移,并在近红外区出现聚集体的吸收峰。在632.8 nm波长激发下,由于表面等离子体共振效应Au上的SERS信号最强,而合金纳米粒子上的SERS信号随x_Au增大而增强。     

Sn/Ge(1 1 1) α-phase: characterization of image resonances by specular electron reflection and selective electron scattering

Image potential resonances on the Sn/Ge(1 1 1) α-phase are investigated by two closely related methods: specular electron reflection and so-called selective electron scattering. Electrons from image resonances are detected on this surface at 120 and 300 K, i.e. below and above the phase transition at about 200 K. The dispersion of the image resonances reveals at these two temperatures equivalent effective electron masses, which are characteristic for this type of electronic surface states. The results of the two methods are consistent according to the similarity of the scattering processes. Changes in the loss peak intensity with the annealing temperature are assigned to the surface quality and are reflected by characteristic photoemission intensities.     

First-principles study on the electronic structures of iron phthalocyanine monolayer

The electronic band structure and magnetic properties of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) monolayer were investigated by using the first-principles all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave energy band method. It is found that the ferromagnetic FePc monolayer is energetically more stable than the paramagnetic one. The exchange interaction, which splits the majority and minority bands, influences strongly on the electronic structure near the Fermi level (E_F). Magnetic moment of the central Fe atom is calculated to 1.95 μ_B. The range of the positive polarization of Fe site is larger in the out-of-plane than in the in-plane direction. The FePc ligand remains paramagnetic. The presence of states at E_F indicates the metallic character of FePc monolayer both for the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states. However, the large density of states at E_F of the majority spins in the ferromagnetic state is expected to cause a phase transition to insulating antiferromagnetic state from the metallic ferromagnetic one.     

Surface core level shift observed on NiAl(1 1 0)

Using high resolution core level spectroscopy, a surface core level shift towards lower binding energy of −0.13 eV is determined for the 2p level of the outwardly relaxed Al surface atoms on NiAl(1 1 0). Density functional theory based calculations with inclusion of final state effects yield a value of −0.14 eV for this shift in excellent agreement with experiment. We show that the initial state approximation yields a value of +0.09 eV, i.e. the inclusion of final state relaxation effects is vital not only to obtain the correct value but even the correct sign for this shift.     

Initial oxidation kinetics of copper (1 1 0) film investigated by in situ UHV-TEM

Previous studies of the initial stage of oxidation on clean single crystal of Cu(1 0 0) have been extended to the case of the Cu(1 1 0) surface. The dynamic observation of the nucleation and growth of Cu oxide by means of in situ ultra high vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHV-TEM) shows a highly enhanced oxidation rate on Cu(1 1 0) surface as compared to Cu(1 0 0). The kinetic data on the nucleation and growth of the three-dimensional oxide islands agree well with our heteroepitaxial model of surface diffusion of oxygen.     

Texture of molybdenum thin films on SrTiO3(1 0 0): A RHEED study

The structure of ultrathin Mo films on SrTiO₃(1 0 0) was studied by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). A different structure was observed for films less than 20 Å thick than for thicker films. These films were epitaxial and had a metastable structure. Thicker films had the dimensions of equilibrium bcc Mo(1 1 0). Relaxation processes transformed the metastable Mo into bcc Mo, resulting in the following orientation relationships between Mo and SrTiO₃: (1 1 0)[0 0 1]_bcc Mo ∥ (1 0 0)[0 0 1]_SrTiO3 and (1 1 0)[1 1 1]_bcc Mo ∥ (1 0 0)[0 1 1]_SrTiO3. The formation of such specific orientations is related to transformations via the Bain and Needle Path, respectively.     

Electrochemical formation of porous superlattices on n-type (1 0 0) InP

The present work deals with the electrochemical formation of superlattice structures on n-type (1 0 0) InP in HCl solutions. The superlattices consist of a stack of two layers with alternating high and low porosity on n-type material obtained by changing the anodizing current or the potential periodically in HCl solutions. The superlattice structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The pore morphology and structure depend strongly on the electrochemical conditions. For anodization with low currents (e.g., 1 or 10 mA) or at low potentials (e.g., 1.5 V_Ag/AgCl), a porous layer with a facet-like structure was formed. For higher currents or potentials, such as 50 or 100 mA or 3 V_Ag/AgCl, respectively, a tree-like structure with random and/or tangled branches was observed. Finally, samples anodized at 5 V_Ag/AgCl, show a porous layer with a regular array of straight pores. The morphology and structure of the stacks of the porous layers can be controlled in the nanometer range, depending on the electrochemical conditions.