Large-scale calculations for hadron spectroscopy

Some recent Monte Carlo calculations for quantum chromodynamics, performed on Euclidean lattices of rather large extent, are reviewed. The purpose of the calculations is to provide accurate determinations of quantities, such as interquark potentials or mass eigenvalues, which are relevant for hadronic spectroscopy. Results obtained in quenched QCD on 16³×32 lattices are illustrated, and a discussion of computational resources and techniques required for the calculations is presented.     

Strong interaction at finite temperature

We review two methods discussed in the literature to determine the effective parameters of strongly interacting particles as they move through a heat bath. The first one is the general method of chiral perturbation theory, which may be readily applied to this problem. The other is the method of thermal QCD sum rules. We show that, when the spectral sides of the sum rules are calculated correctly, they do not lead to any new results, but reproduce those of the vacuum sum rules.     

Matrix string theory

Via compactification on a circle, the matrix mode] of M-theory proposed by Banks et a]. suggests a concrete identification between the large N limit of two-dimensional N = 8 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and type IIA string theory. In this paper we collect evidence that supports this identification. We explicitly identify the perturbative string states and their interactions, and describe the appearance of D-particle and D-membrane states.     

gb→tH－的超对称QCD单圈修正和非退耦效应

在最小超对称标准模型的框架内计算了gb→tH^－过程产生截面的单圈超对称QCD修正.结果发现:若胶子质量和超对称软破缺参数μ或A_t,A_b同量级且趋于很大,就会出现超对称QCD的非退耦效应.大的tanβ值可以提高非退耦的贡献,因此大tanβ情况下,较大的修正结果可能在Tevatron和LHC上观测到.非退耦行为的根本原因在于圈图中的某些耦合顶角正比于超对称质量参数.     

On the importance of low-energy beta beams for supernova neutrino physics

We argue that isotropization and, consequently, thermalization of the system of gluons and quarks produced in an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision does not follow from Feynman diagram analysis to any order in the coupling constant. We conclude that the apparent thermalization of quarks and gluons, leading to success of perfect fluid hydrodynamics in describing heavy-ion collisions at RHIC, can only be attributed to the non-perturbative QCD effects not captured by Feynman diagrams. We proceed by modeling these non-pertrubative thermalization effects using viscous hydrodynamics. We point out that matching Color Glass Condensate inital conditions with viscous hydrodynamics leads to a continuous evolution of all the components of the energy-momentum tensor and, unlike the case of ideal hydrodynamics, does not give rise to a discontinuity in the longitudinal pressure. An important consequence of such a matching is a relationship between the thermalization time and shear viscosity: we observe that small viscosity leads to short thermalization time.     

Electric dipole moments as probes of new physics

We review several aspects of flavour-diagonal CP-violation, focussing on the role played by the electric dipole moments (EDMs) of leptons, nucleons, atoms, and molecules, which constitute the source of several stringent constraints on new CP-violating physics. We dwell specifically on the calculational aspects of applying the hadronic EDM constraints, reviewing in detail the application of QCD sum-rules to the calculation of nucleon EDMs and CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings. We also consider the current status of EDMs in the Standard Model, and on the ensuing constraints on the underlying sources of CP-violation in physics beyond the Standard Model, focussing on weak-scale supersymmetry.     

Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase diagram and baryon-number fluctuations within Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

In this paper, a version of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model based on nonextensive statistical mechanics is presented. This new statistics summarizes all possible factors that violate the assumptions of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics to a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter q. Thus, when q tends to 1, it returns to the BG case. Within the nonextensive PNJL model, we found that as q increases, the location of the critical end point (CEP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior. That is, for \begin{document}$ q<1.15 $\end{document}, CEP moves in the direction of lower temperature and larger quark chemical potential. However, for \begin{document}$ q>1.15 $\end{document}, CEP turns to move in the direction of lower temperature and lower quark chemical potential. In addition, we studied the moments of the net-baryon number distribution, that is, variance (\begin{document}$ \sigma^{2} $\end{document}), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ). Our results are generally consistent with the latest experimental data reported, especially for \begin{document}$ \sqrt{S_{NN}}>19.6\ \mathrm{GeV} $\end{document}, when q is set to \begin{document}$ 1.07 $\end{document}.     

Spin correlations in the Drell–Yan process,parton entanglement,and other unconventional QCD effects

We review ideas on the structure of the QCD vacuum which had served as motivation for the discussion of various non-standard QCD effects in high-energy reactions in articles from 1984 to 1995. These effects include, in particular, transverse-momentum and spin correlations in the Drell–Yan process and soft photon production in hadron–hadron collisions. We discuss the relation of the approach introduced in the above-mentioned articles to the approach, developed later, using transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TDMs). The latter approach is a special case of our more general one which allows for parton entanglement in high-energy reactions. We discuss signatures of parton entanglement in the Drell–Yan reaction. Also for Higgs-boson production in pp$pp$ collisions via gluon–gluon annihilation effects of entanglement of the two gluons are discussed and are found to be potentially important. These effects can be looked for in the current LHC experiments. In our opinion studying parton-entanglement effects in high-energy reactions is, on the one hand, very worthwhile by itself and, on the other hand, it allows to perform quantitative tests of standard factorisation assumptions. Clearly, the experimental observation of parton-entanglement effects in the Drell–Yan reaction and/or in Higgs-boson production would have a great impact on our understanding how QCD works in high-energy collisions.     

CP violation in B→φKs decay in R-parity violating supersymmetry

In the framework of R-parity violating supersymmetry, we investigate the time dependent CP asymmetry SφKs anomaly of B→φKs decay. When the values of the weak phase φ in the R-parity violating coupling fall into certain parameter spaces （246°〈 φ 〈 263°） we find that this anomaly can be easily explained; at the same time, the branching ratio of B→φKs decay can also be in agreement with experimental measurements.     

Supersymmetric invariance and universal central extensions of lie supertriple systems

In this article, we discuss some properties of a supersymmetric invariant bilinear form on Lie supertriple systems. In particular, a supersymmetric invariant bilinear form on Lie supertriple systems can be extended to its standard imbedding Lie superalgebras. Furthermore, we generalize Garland's theory of universal central extensions for Lie supertriple systems following the classical one for Lie superalgebras. We solve the problems of lifting automorphisms and lifting derivations.