过氧化氢中微量氯离子、硝酸根、磷酸根、硫酸根的同时测定

在碱性条件下,过氧化氢加热回流分解,经阳离子树脂交换后,离子色谱法分析。以Na2CO3 NaHCO3 为淋洗液,分析柱为 IonPac AS14,抑制电导同时测定过氧化氢中微量 Cl-、NO-3 、PO3-4 、SO2-4 。消除了过氧化氢对分析柱的可能损害,使基线更加平滑,具有测试简便,分析周期短,准确性高的特点,检出限为0.01~0.03 mg·L-1,应用于过氧化氢中无机阴离子的测定。     

The inhibition mechanism of pitting corrosion of pure aluminum by nitrate and sulfate ions in neutral chloride solution

The inhibition mechanism of pitting corrosion of natural oxide film-covered pure aluminum by NO⁻ ₃ and SO²⁻ ₄ ions has been examined in 0.1 M NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization experiments, a.c. impedance spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and a combination of the potentiostatic current transient method and optical microscopy. It was found that NO⁻ ₃ ions can be incorporated into the natural oxide film on pure aluminum at open-circuit potential, but the incorporation of SO²⁻ ₄ ions into the film hardly occurs. The incorporation of NO⁻ ₃ ions lowered the pitting susceptibility of pure aluminum in 0.1 M NaCl solution. Based upon the experimental results, it is suggested that the pitting corrosion inhibition mechanism by anions can be classified into two different groups: inhibition by competitive adsorption of anions (SO²⁻ ₄) with Cl⁻ ions and inhibition by the incorporation of anions (NO⁻ ₃) into the film rather than competitive adsorption. Both cases may impede the incorporation of Cl⁻ ions into the film, thus inhibiting pitting corrosion of natural oxide film-covered pure aluminum in chloride solutions. Received: 16 October 1998 / Accepted: 6 January 1999     

Sulfated liposaccharides inspired by telomerase inhibitor axinelloside A

Sulfated liposaccharides are known inhibitors of telomerase and here we describe the synthesis of a series of sulfated liposaccharides inspired by the natural product axinelloside A, reported to act as an inhibitor of human telomerase. We established a robust and scalable synthetic route to galactosyl liposaccharides capitalizing on a series of regioselective acylation reactions with 2-decenoic acid and imidazolium sulfate esters.     

Effects of exogenic chloride on oxidative degradation of chlorinated azo dye by UV-activated peroxodisulfate

Recently, the degradation of organic compounds in saline dye wastewater by sulfate radicals (SO₄⁻)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have attracted much attention. However, previous studies on these systems have selected non-chlorinated dyes as model compounds, and little is known about the transformation of chlorinated dyes in such systems. In this study, acid yellow 17 (AY-17) was selected as a model of chlorinated contaminants, and the degradation kinetics and evolution of oxidation byproducts were investigated in the UV/PDS system. AY-17 can be efficiently degraded (over 98% decolorization) under 90 min irradiation at pH 2.0–3.0, and the reaction follows pseudo-first order kinetics. Cl^‒ accelerated the degradation of AY-17, but simultaneously led to an undesirable increase of absorbable organic halogen (AOX). Several chlorinated byproducts were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the UV/PDS system. It indicates that endogenic chlorine and exogenic Cl^– reacted with SO₄⁻ to form chloride radicals, which are involved in the dechlorination and rechlorination of AY-17 and intermediates. The possible degradation mechanisms of AY-17 photooxidative degradation are proposed. This work provides valuable information for further studies on the role of exogenic chloride in the degradation of chlorinated azo dyes and the kinetic parameters in the PDS-based oxidation process.     

离子色谱法快速分析饮用水中的四种阴离子

用Dionex DX-120离子色谱仪对饮用水中F^-1、Cl^-1、NO3^-1及SO4^2- 4种阴离子进行测定，分析中采用了Dionex AS14阴离子分离柱对上述4种阴离子进行分离。作者等对Dionex公司所建议的色谱条件作了修改和改进，使方法的分析效能大大提高，达到了快速分析的要求。按改进后的色谱条件，4种离子的分离度达到了3．9的数值，4种阴离子测定结果的相对标准偏差值均小于2．5％，回收率在94％-108%之间。对有标准值的水样用此文的方法和国家标准方法同时进行比较分析，并用卜检验法对两方法的结果的可靠性，以及与标准值的比较，结果表明各离子（Cl^-1、NO3^-1及SO4^2-）的测定结果之间均无显著性差异。     

Solubility and solubility constant of barium sulfate in aqueous sodium sulfate solutions between 0 and 80°C

The solubilities of barium sulfate in aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate were studied at ionic strengths from 0.0005 to 0.02 mol-kg^–1 and at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°C. The solubility data were used to calculate the solubility constants using an extrapolation method. The solubility constant obtained were in good agreement with literature data. The mean activity coefficients of barium sulfate in aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate were also studied.     

Benzene-based tripodal isothiouronium compounds as sulfate ion receptors

Novel benzene-based tripodal isothiouronium receptors are synthesized for the selective recognition of tetrahedral oxoanions. The binding study by isothermal titration calorimetry indicates that the cationic receptors bind sulfate ions preferably in a tripodal mode, while they show a mixed binding mode toward phosphate ion. The tripodal isothiouronium receptors show large ΔG⁰ values toward sulfate ions in methanol, which are entropy driven. The results demonstrate that a subtle structural constraint can lead to different binding modes toward structurally similar anions.     

Indirect radiotracer study of the adsorption of chromate ions on γ-Al2O3 and direct study of the adsorption of sulfate ions on Cr2O3 using 35S-labelled H2SO4

The specific adsorption of sulfate ions on Cr₂O₃ was studied by a radiotracer technique using ³⁵S-labelled sulfuric acid in low concentrations (c<10^–3 mol dm^–3) in the presence of a large excess of perchlorate supporting electrolyte. The pH and concentration dependence were determined. It was found that the extent of adsorption is determined by the protonation of the surface sites, similar to other oxides studied previously. A comparison of Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ in this respect shows that the protonation of the former takes place at significantly lower pH values than that of the latter. The indirect radiotracer study of the adsorption of chromate on Al₂O₃ was carried out using labelled sulfate ions as indicator species. The results obtained show that the adsorption strength of chromate species is very low in comparison to sulfate ions and a regular Langmuir-like adsorption behaviour can be observed. It is believed that the observations presented may contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of surface layers with a mixed oxide content. Electronic Publication     

Sulfated Alumina Catalysts: Consequences of Sulfate Content and Source

Summary. Consequences of the loading level of sulfate ions (3, 6, and 10-wt%) as well as the source of sulfate (H₂SO₄ or (NH₄)₂SO₄) on the structural, textural, and surface acid–base properties as well as the impacts on catalytic activity towards 2-propanol conversions on γ-Al₂O₃ and on aluminum hydroxide gel is described. Structural investigations of the catalysts by XRD revealed that the sulfation processes do not remarkably affect the γ-phase of alumina irrespective of the sulfate content or source. N₂-adsorption at 77 K indicated that sulfated gel catalysts exhibit the highest S_BET areas and, in general, S_BET for all catalysts were found to decrease with the increase of sulfate content, such a decrease is more pronounced for the 10% loaded catalysts. Pyridine adsorption as followed by FTIR indicated that sulfation of alumina increases the strength of its Lewis acid sites and creates Br?nsted acidity in the case of highly loaded catalysts. The catalytic decomposition of 2-propanol in the gas phase indicated that, amongst all the catalysts investigated, the 6% loaded ones exhibited 100% activity (2-propanol conversion) and the highest propene (dehydration product) selectivity.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间接测定氯离子和硫酸根离子的探讨

本文探讨了加入过量Ag_1~+和Ba~(2+),使Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)分别以AgCl和BaSO_4沉淀后,用ICP-AES测定剩余的Ag~+和Ba~(2+),间接测定Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)的具体方法、光谱干扰及有关影响条件。本法测定一些实际样品,结果令人满意,具有简便、快速、可与其他元素同时测定等优点。