水热法KTP晶体生长与宏观缺陷研究

本文报道了水热法KTP晶体的生长工艺及晶体生长形态,系统研究了水热法KTP晶体的宏观缺陷,其宏观缺陷主要为添晶、生长脊线、裂隙和包裹体.提出了晶体生长工艺的改进措施,如提高原材料和试剂的纯度、调整籽晶的悬挂方式、减少籽晶的尺寸等,都可以减少晶体的宏观缺陷,提高晶体的质量.//(011)切向的籽晶生长的晶体质量较高,且能很好地应用于激光器件中.     

载能团簇离子的非线性辐照损伤

由于团簇离子在能量损失、二次离子发射和辐照损伤上的非线性效应,所以团簇离子与物质的相互作用倍受关注。对团簇作用的非线性效应研究不仅对于了解团簇离子与物质相互作用的机制具有十分重要的理论意义,而且载能团簇离子还有可能成为材料表面改性与分析、新功能材料的合成与研究的一种有效的新手段。因此,团簇离子与物质的相互作用成为当今国际上的研究热点之一。主要评述了载能团簇离子在物质中的非线性辐照损伤,介绍了典型的研究方法和实验结果。 Due to energetic cluster produces simultaneous impacts of several atoms and deposits extremely high energy density in a very small area, the cluster impingement on solids has produced non-linear radiation damages not presented in the collisions of individual atoms with those solids. The radiation damages are usually investigated by channeling Rutherford backscattering, Scanning Tunneling Microscope （STM）, Transmission Electronic c Microscope（TEM） and computer simulation. The typical methods and results on the non-linear radiation damages induced by clusters are reviewed in this paper.     

碳化硅中惰性气体离子辐照引起缺陷的研究

综述了有关碳化硅材料中惰性气体离子引起辐照缺陷研究的进展。包括借助多种方法对氦离子辐照的碳化硅中氦泡集团形成的剂量阈值的实验研究,基于过冷固体假设对氦泡阈值的理论解释,不同剂量氦泡的两种形态及其机理的研究,以及重惰性气体离子（Ne,Xe）辐照下缺陷演化的特点。This paper gives a review of our recent studies on the defect production in silicon carbide induced by energetic inert-gas-ion irradiation. The work includes the study of the dose threshold for helium bubble formation by combining TEM, RBS-channeling and PAS, the theoretical analysis of the dose threshold for bubble formation based on the Frozen-Matrix assumption, two types of bubble arrangement at different dose regions and the study of damage um-ion production behavior in the case of irradiation with heavier inert-gas-ions （ Ne, Xe） as a comparison to heliirradiation.     

Fluorescence and Photosensitizing Behavior of N-(p-Phenoxyphenyl)methacrylamide and Its Polymer

IntroductionWe have reported the syntheses of vinylmonomers bearing chromophores[1— 8] ,such as N -acryloyl- N′- 2 - pyrimidinylpiperazine,4- (N,N-dime- thylamino) benzyl methacrylate,N - acryloyl-N′- diphenylpiperazines,N- (4- dimethy-laminophenyl ) maleimide,N- (4- dimethy-laminophenyl) itaconimide,N- acryloylphenothiateetc.and their photochemical and photo- initiationbehaviors. Owing to the electron- donating chro-mophore and electron- accepting double bonds coex-isting in the same mo…     

Structure and optical properties of near stoichiometric Ce:LiNbO3 crystals

The near sotichiometric Ce:LiNbO₃ (Ce:SLN) crystals were grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method by adding K₂O flux to Li₂O‐Nb₂O₅ melt. Their UV‐vis absorption spectra and IR spectra were measured and discussed to investigate their defect structure. The results showed that the grown crystals were near stoichiometric and Ce ions in the crystals located the Li site. Photorefractive properties of Ce:SLN crystals were studied by two‐wave coupling experiment. The results of the two‐wave coupling experiments of the crystals showed that as the CeO₂ doping concentrations increased, the diffraction efficiency increased, photoconductivity decreased and the writing time and erasure time increased. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

几种寡聚古罗糖醛酸的制备和结构表征

以多聚古罗糖醛酸为原料,在稀酸加压条件下进行酸水解得到寡聚古罗糖醛酸混合物,用低压凝胶渗透色谱(LPGPC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行分离纯化,并用荧光基团辅助碳水化合物电泳(FACE)检测纯度.运用IR,ESI/MS/MS,1D,2DNMR等方法对古罗糖醛酸二糖至五糖的化学结构进行了表征.     

单壁碳纳米管拉伸变形的原子尺度模拟

The molecular dynamics method was adopted to investigate the tension deformation for SWCNTs with different chiralities and radius. The results show that nanotubes have an extremely large breaking strain. Carbon nanotubes are completely ductile before their structural defects appear. Through tracing the evolution of the spacial configuration of a micro structural cell of SWCNTs, it is found that the torsion deformation results in the change of structural symmetry. Thus the load is no longer well distributed. The structural defects will occur with further loading. The systematic energy change of SWCNTs is observed. It can be seen that there is a structural transformation around the initial vacancy defects when the axial tension strain reaches a certain value. The two adjacent hexagons change to one pentagon and one heptagon (also called the Stone Wales transformation). The 5 7 configuration makes strain energy release, and the systematic energy falls. This configuration is more preferable from the viewpoint of the energy. The results also show that fewer defects have weak influence on the mechanical properties of SWCNTs under the present initial vacancy defect condition.     

石墨和纳米碳中缺陷和电子动量的研究

用正电子湮没技术研究了石墨和纳米碳中的缺陷和电子动量. 结果表明, 纳米碳中缺陷的开空间和缺陷浓度分别大于和高于石墨晶体. 纳米碳中存在开空间小于单空位的自由体积以及开空间相当于约10个空位聚集体的微孔洞. 石墨晶体中的自由电子动量分布表现出显著的各向异性: 沿石墨晶体的\[0 001\]晶向的自由电子(即2Pz电子)的动量最大; 偏离该方向越大, 自由电子的动量越小; 垂直于\[0 001\]晶向的自由电子的动量最小. 而纳米碳中自由电子动量的分布表现出各向同性. The defects and electronic momenta in graphite and nanocrystalline carbon have been studied by positron annihilation techniques. The results show that the concentration and open volume of defects in nanocrystalline carbon are higher/larger than that in graphite. Two kinds of microdefects were found in the nanocrystalline carbon: free volume (with a size of smaller than that of a monovacancy) and microvoids (with a size of about ten monovacancies). The anisotropic distribution of electronic momentum was found in single crystalline graphite, the momentum of free electron shows a maximum value in \[0001\] direction, and decreases with the increase of the angle deviation from \[0001\] direction and then reaches a minimum value in the direction perpendicular to \[0001\]. However, this phenomenon was not found in nanocrystalline carbon since the distribution of electronic momentum is isotropic.     

YVO4双折射晶体生长及完整性分析

在较低氧分压的保护气氛中用提拉法(CZ法)生长YVO4晶体,采用自行设计的气压计,精密调节炉内的氧、氮比例,有效防止了晶体生长中的过度缺氧,生长出33mm×31mm(等径)YVO4晶体.设计了生长YVO4晶体最佳工艺条件:转速5～10r/min,拉速:2～6mm/h,生长周期:24h,液面上8mm温度梯度2.875℃/mm.用偏光显微镜对YVO4晶体的裂纹、散射颗粒、包裹物、偏心生长等缺陷进行观察,认为它们的成因主要是生长速率过快,生长环境中湿度大及晶体中存在分解和挥发性物质等.     

锗酸铅(Pb5Ge3O11)铁电单晶的生长与缺陷研究

采用坩埚下降法成功生长了铁电锗酸铅(Pb5Ce3O11)单晶.所用Pt坩埚尺寸为φ25mm × 200mm和φ10mm×60mi,炉温控制在高于熔点50～80℃,固液界面温度梯度小于25℃/cm,生长速率小于0.5mm/h.所得晶体呈浅棕色,最大尺寸达φ25mm×60mm.采用光学显微镜(OM)及电子探针(EPMA)研究了所得晶体的生长缺陷(气泡、包裹体等),讨论了产生这些缺陷的原因,提出了控制及减少此类缺陷的方法.