Hydrolysis kinetics of p-nitrophenylpicolinate catalyzed by schiff base Mn(III) complexes in Gemini 16-2-16 micellar solutiony

Two mono-Schiff base Mn(III) complexes (MnL₂Cl, L=L¹ and L²) were synthesized and employed as artificial hydrolases in catalyzing the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylpicolinate (PNPP) in Gemini 16-2-16 micellar solution. The effect of different micelles and their complex structures on the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP is discussed in detail. The observations showed that MnL₂²Cl exhibited higher catalytic activity over MnL₁²Cl under a comparable condition, which confirmed that an open active centre is essential for modulating the activities of the two enzyme mimics. Moreover, under the conditions employed, hydrolytic rates of PNPP induced by these Mn(III) complexes were faster in Gemini 16-2-16 micelles than that in the micellar solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a conventional analogue of Gemini 16-2-16. Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

苄基取代甜菜碱对聚四氟乙烯表面润湿性的影响

利用座滴法研究了两性离子表面活性剂苄基取代烷基羧基甜菜碱(BCB)和苄基取代烷基磺基甜菜碱(BSB)在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面上的润湿性质,考察了表面活性剂浓度对接触角的影响趋势,并讨论了粘附张力、固-液界面张力和粘附功的变化规律.研究发现,在低浓度时,表面活性剂通过疏水作用吸附到PTFE表面,疏水链苄基取代支链化使其在固-液界面上的吸附明显低于气-液界面,接触角在很大的范围内保持不变.当体相浓度增加到大于临界胶束浓度(cmc)时, BCB和BSB分子在固-液界面上继续吸附,分子逐渐直立,造成PTFE-液体之间的界面张力(γ_SL)进一步降低,表面亲水性增加,接触角随浓度增加明显降低;另一方面, BSB由于具有较大的极性头,在高浓度时空间阻碍作用明显,导致其对PTFE表面润湿性改变程度小于BCB.     

位阻效应对受阻酚杂化体系阻尼机理的影响

针对尚未解决的受阻酚结构变化与杂化体系阻尼机理间关系的问题,本文采用分子动力学模拟方法构建了三种受阻程度不同的受阻酚/聚合物杂化体系,从理论上探讨了位阻效应对阻尼机理的影响.对体系氢键相互作用、结合能、相对自由体积及扩散系数进行模拟分析表明,位阻效应对受阻酚分子内氢键相互作用有显著的弱化效果,可减少小分子团聚倾向,有利于小分子与聚合物分子间氢键相互作用的形成.但是,过高的位阻对小分子运动有阻碍作用,不利于小分子与聚合物形成强烈的氢键键合,也即不利于杂化体系阻尼性能的提高.因此,如何选择受阻程度适中的受阻酚是制备高阻尼杂化材料的一关键要素.     

一种9-苯基芴位阻功能化的苯胺中间体的设计合成、表征及其光电性质

以醋酸为溶剂、浓硫酸为催化剂在120 ℃回流24 h, 通过傅克反应设计合成了一种大体积位阻型9,9-二芳基芴中间体[9-(4-苯胺基)-9-苯基芴](FPPhNH₂)。通过核磁氢谱、质谱、红外等方法对该化合物的分子结构进行了详细表征。核磁氢谱和红外光谱分别在6.55 ppm,3 481和3 385 cm-1显示该化合物的特征官能团-氨基。用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱对9-(4-苯胺基)-9-苯基芴的光学性质进行了表征和初步探讨。研究结果表明, 具有大体积空间位阻效应的9-(4-苯胺基)-9-苯基芴在二氯甲烷溶液中有四个主要吸收峰, 其吸收波长分别为243,257,298和311 nm; 在波长为308 nm的谱激发下,得到发射波长为300～500 nm的发射光谱曲线, 其荧光光谱最大发射波长为328 nm, 且在405 nm左右有一个细小的峰并有一个长的拖尾至500 nm, 这可能源于苯胺基团中分子间氢键所引起的。恰当的荧光发射范围(300～500 nm), 使其能够和经典蓝光客体材料双(4,6-二氟基吡啶-N,C2)吡啶甲酰合铱(FIrpic)的吸收光谱有较大的重叠(300～500 nm)。通过巧妙的分子裁剪, 或可得性能优异的主体材料, 进而使制备高性能的发光器件成为可能。为了进一步了解该化合物的光电性能, 以乙腈为溶剂, 以四丁基六氟磷酸胺为电解质, 通过循环伏安法对该化合物的电化学性能进行了表征。其起始氧化电位和还原电位分别为0.898和-0.759 V, HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.38和-3.72 eV, 其较高的HOMO能级和较低的LUMO能级有利于空穴和电子的注入/传输, 这将进一步优化成性能优异的主体材料, 并为进一步制备性能优异的有机半导体发光器件提供有益参考。     

Cone angle radial profiles

Various methodologies have been reported in the literature for the evaluation of the size of a ligand or organic functional group, with the Tolman cone angle methodology proving to be most popular in inorganic chemistry. A procedure to extend the Tolman concept to the measurement of a ligand size, as a profile over a radial distance from the metal (apex), has been developed. The representation of the Tolman cone angle as a function of distance from the metal is termed a cone angle radial profile (CARP). CARPs for PH₃, PMe₃, PEt₃ and PPh₃ have been determined and are described. CARPs for molecules containing the constrained phosphite ligands P(OCH₂)₃CMe, as determined in actual structures (Cambridge Structural Database), have also been evaluated and indicate the invariant shape of the ligand in the different metal environments. The influence of the choice of the H atom van der Waals radius in steric measurements is also discussed.     

Reaction of alkylcarbonyloxymethyl halides with phenols: reevaluating the influence of steric hindrance

Evidence is presented that contradicts an earlier finding that, in the absence of steric hindrance, the coupling reaction of alkylcarbonyloxymethyl (ACOM) halides with phenols favors acylated product. A one-step synthesis is used to generate sterically unhindered ACOM iodides, which are then reacted with several phenols to give mainly alkylated phenol.     

Synthesis and reactions of [tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]ethyl dichlorosilane

The crowded dichlorosilane TsiSiEtCl₂, (1), (Tsi = (Me₃Si)₃C) was prepared from the reaction between EtSiCl₃ and TsiLi, then it was reduced with LiAlH₄ to give TsiSiEtH₂, (2). The hydride (2) was then treated with two equivalents of ICl/CCl₄ or Br₂/CCl₄ to produce TsiSiEtI₂, (3), and TsiSiEtBr₂, (4), respectively. The reaction of compound (2) with one equivalent of ICl/CCl₄ gives TsiSiEtHI, (5). This product reacted with H₂O/dioxane in the presence of AgClO₄ or with dry MeOH to produce TsiSiEtHOH, (6), and TsiSiEtHOMe, (7), respectively. The compound (3) reacted with H₂O in DMSO/CH₃CN to give TsiSiEt(OH)₂, (8), and the compound TsiSiEtIOMe, (9), was prepared from the reaction of the compound (7) with ICl/CCl₄. When the dichloride (1) was treated with NaOMe/MeOH it gave (Me₃Si)₂CHSiEt(OMe)₂. It is suggested that the reaction proceeds through an elimination-addition mechanism. The dichloride (1) was also treated with KSCN, NaN₃ or NaOCN in CH₃CN to give S_N2 substitution products. All the new products were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.     

Synthesis and properties of air-stable 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls and the related compounds

A kinetically stabilized phosphaalkyne bearing a bulky Mes^∗ (2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) group is useful compound to prepare an enormous number of highly stable 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls through reactions with a lithium reagent and an electrophile. By utilizing this synthetic protocol, we prepared several non-symmetrical 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls in which the substituents on the phosphorus are different. Furthermore, we succeeded in preparation and characterization of novel air-tolerant symmetrical 2,4-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls bearing the identical alkyl substituents on the phosphorus atoms. Structures and properties of the 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls indicate characters as singlet ground-state carbon centered biradicals. In addition to those biradicals, we succeeded in preparation and isolation of a novel P-heterocyclic air-stable neutral radical as well as a P-heterocyclic cation radical.     

Hemiacetal and hemiaminal formation at fluoroacyl moiety

Hemiacetals and hemiaminals were produced not only at a trifluoroacetyl (CF₃CO) moiety but also at difluoroacetyl (CHF₂CO) and pentafluoroalkanoyl (C₂F₅CO) moieties. As larger was the electron-withdrawing nature and less bulky was the fluoroalkyl (R_f) group and smaller was the size of an alcohol, the ratio of hemiacetal form increased. Not only a CF₃CO moiety but also monofluoroacetyl (CH₂FCO), CHF₂CO, and C₂F₅CO moieties produced the hemiaminals. As larger was the electron-withdrawing nature of R_f group and smaller was an amine, the ratio of hemiaminal form increased.