Integration System of Head,Eye, and Retinal Position Signals for Perceptual Direction

This study investigates the integration system of head (-to-trunk), eye (-to-head), and retinal position signals for hand pointing. In experiment 1, subjects changed their head and eye positions and pointed at a fixated visual stimulus by using an unseen pointer. In experiment 2, subjects fixated a visual stimulus and pointed at another visual stimulus. The results show that the head and eye position signals contributed linearly to perceptual direction (experiments 1 and 2), and that the coefficients of these signals decrease with peripheral vision and are smaller than the coefficient of the retinal position signal (experiment 2). These results collectively suggest that the integration algorithm of the position signals might be described by the linear summation equation and that the retinal position signal serves a more important role than the other position signals in the visual system.     

潜在视功能检测仪光学参数特性的研究与优化

针对潜在视功能检测仪临床使用中量程有限和对高度屈光不正患者检测结果有一定误差的现象，研究了其光学系统成像特性，建立了系统对视力板成像的视觉放大率公式，分析了准直透镜、成像透镜焦距变化对视觉放大率的影响。系统中视力板移动检测时，准直透镜焦距影响视觉放大率变化快慢，决定视觉放大率曲线的平缓程度；成像透镜焦距对视觉放大率产生整体影响，使视觉放大率曲线产生整体平移。找出了系统的理想参数，能使视觉放大率在整个视力板移动范围内保持不变，消除了检测过程中视力板放大率不同带来的检测误差。通过对各参数的数值分析，得到最优参数，系统检测量程从原来的－7D～＋12D扩大为－11D～＋15D。     

Color Appearance Explained,Predicted and Confirmed by the Concept of Recognized Visual Space of Illumination

Ten years have passed since we proposed a new concept called recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI). The central idea of the concept assumes that our brain first recognizes how a space is illuminated and then judges colors of anything seen in the space in relation to the RVSI constructed for the space. In another expression we say that the space is recognized first and the color perception next. In this paper some of our experiments that proved the appropriateness of the concept will be introduced. When a white paper was seen through a colored filter we could perceive the paper as white at the same instant we recognized a space through and beyond the filter. When an achromatic patch independent from the room illumination was observed under colored illumination its appearance immediately changed to that roughly opponent to the illumination color. When two gray patches of the same lightness were drawn in a picture of a white grating on a black background on a way that one appeared to locate on this side of the grating and the other in the other side, the former appeared brighter. These all confirmed the predictions based on the RVSI concept.     

Reducing inhomogeneity artifacts in functional MRI of human brain activation-thin sections vs gradient compensation

We evaluated two methods for correcting inhomogeneity-induced signal losses in magnetic resonance gradient-echo imaging that either use gradient compensation or simply acquire thin sections. The strategies were tested in the human brain in terms of achievable quality of T2*-weighted images at the level of the hippocampus and of functional activation maps of the visual cortex. Experiments were performed at 2.0 T and based on single-shot echo-planar imaging at 2. 0 x 2.0 mm(2) resolution, 4 mm section thickness, and 2.0 s temporal resolution. Gradient compensation involved a sequential 16-step variation of the refocusing lobe of the slice-selection gradient (TR/TE = 125/53 ms, flip angle 15 degrees ), whereas thin sections divided the 4-mm target plane into either four 1-mm or eight 0.5-mm interleaved multislice acquisitions (TR/TE = 2000/54 ms, flip angle 70 degrees ). Both approaches were capable of alleviating the inhomogeneity problem for structures in the base of the brain. When compared to standard 4-mm EPI, functional mapping in the visual cortex was partially compromised because of a lower signal-to-noise ratio of inhomogeneity-corrected images by either method. Relative to each other, consistently better results were obtained with the use of contiguous thin sections, in particular for a thickness of 1 mm. Multislice acquisitions of thin sections require minimal technical adjustments.     

Column chromatography fractionation of complex waste water sample extracts for measurement of ppt levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The novel application of azulene as a visual monitor of column chromatography performance during fractionation of complex waste water extracts for measurement of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at part-per-trillion concentrations is described. TCDD elutes directly behind azulene, the blue visual aid, in the 6% ethyl ether/hexane fraction during Florisil column chromatography.     

Improved Schemes for Visual Cryptography

A (k,n)-threshold visual cryptography scheme ((k,n)-threshold VCS, for short) is a method to encode a secret image SI into n shadow images called shares such that any k or more shares enable the visual recovery of the secret image, but by inspecting less than k shares one cannot gain any information on the secret image. The visual recovery consists of xeroxing the shares onto transparencies, and then stacking them. Any k shares will reveal the secret image without any cryptographic computation.In this paper we analyze visual cryptography schemes in which the reconstruction of black pixels is perfect, that is, all the subpixels associated to a black pixel are black. For any value of k and n, where 2 k n, we give a construction for (k,n)-threshold VCS which improves on the best previously known constructions with respect to the pixel expansion (i.e., the number of subpixels each pixel of the original image is encoded into). We also provide a construction for coloured (2,n)-threshold VCS and for coloured (n,n)-threshold VCS. Both constructions improve on the best previously known constructions with respect to the pixel expansion.     

Image based visual servoing for robot positioning tasks

Visual servoing has become a popular paradigm for the control of complex robotic systems: this sensor based approach exploits the image informations provided by one ore more cameras in a feedback control loop to drive the system to the desired configuration. Here authors will refers to a monocular system where the camera is mounted on the end effector of a 6-DOF manipulator. Among different Visual Servoing approaches Image Based Visual Servoing (IBVS) has been the most investigated in the literature because of its nice properties of robustness with respect to both robot modeling and camera calibration errors: in IBVS the control loop is in fact directly closed in the image; moreover IBVS doesn’t require the knowledge of the target/scene model (model-free approach). Despite its advantages IBVS may be affected by singularity and local minima problems of the control law: these drawbacks arise especially when the initial and the goal camera images respectively corresponding to the actual and desired system configurations are very different (i.e for large system displacements). To overcome these problems an image path planning can be exploited to ensure system convergence. In this paper author presents an off-line image path planning that can be used to execute system positioning task also in presence of large camera displacements: planning trajectories has been developed such as to make the robot end effector move on a 3D helix, connecting the initial and the desired arm configuration, by generating feasible robot twist-screws and keeping the target in the image field of view. During control execution also 3D target informations are retrieved through an adaptive estimation law. Both simulations and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

新型智能球罐焊接机器人视觉传感器的研究

为实现智能球罐焊接机器人的自主运动与焊缝自动跟踪 ,研制了一种新型视觉传感器。该传感器以高分辨率线阵 CCD芯片为核心 ,由光源、滤光片、透镜等光学系统及 CCD驱动电路、光电信号处理电路等组成 ,其中光电处理电路全部由硬件实现。整个视觉传感系统可以避免焊接时弧光的干扰 ,实时、准确地检测出焊缝轨迹线偏差信号 ,具有实时性强、鲁棒性好、成本低、重量轻等优点。借助所研制的视觉传感器 ,球罐焊接机器人能够实现沿焊缝的自主运动和焊炬与焊缝的自动对中 ,满足球罐多层多道焊接工艺要求 ,实现球罐焊接作业的智能化、自动化     

单茂钛催化剂催化丁烯-1聚合及高分子量无规聚丁烯-1的合成与表征

Kaminsky等 [1,2 ] 用二茂基 ( Cp,Ind,Flu)过渡金属 ( Ti,Zr和 Hf)化合物 /MAO催化剂催化丁烯 - 1聚合 ,得到间规 -等规或间规 -等规 -无规的混合物 ,聚合物的分子量为 5 0 0 0 0至 1 5 0 0 0 0 .Rossi[3] 用( CH3) 2 Si( H4 Ind) 2 Zr Cl2 /MAO研究了丁烯 - 1的等规聚合 ,产物分子量仅 2 0 0 0左右 .林尚安等[4 ,5] 采用单茂钛催化剂 Cp* Ti( OBz) 3/MAO催化丁烯 - 1聚合 ,产物为立体多嵌段聚丁烯 - 1 .但目前尚未见到有关采用茂金属催化剂催化丁烯 - 1聚合制备高分子量无规弹性体聚丁烯 - 1的报道 .我们用单茂钛 Cp* Ti( OC…     

人车路系统三维耦合振动分析及舒适度评价

基于将车身视作三维弹性梁、车轮为刚性体的全车模型,人体采用坐姿并联动力模型,路面简化成Kelvin地基上的板,通过轮胎的刚性滚子接触模型将车辆与路面耦合在一起,建立起考虑人车、车路耦合作用的用于评价车辆乘坐舒适度的三维人车路耦合系统振动模型,并推导出其运动平衡方程;通过Galerkin法对路面方程进行离散,采用New-mark积分法对耦合系统方程组进行求解,对人车路系统振动响应进行了分析;采用人体加权振动加速度均方根值对车辆乘坐舒适度进行评价,并对系统各参数对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响进行探讨.数值分析表明:传统模型下车辆乘坐舒适度指标与本文模型的指标相差最高可达到约30％;在分析车辆振动响应及乘坐舒适度时,不能忽视车辆与路面、人体与车辆相互作用,系统各参数对车辆乘坐舒适度都有一定程度的影响.