Evaluation of the acoustic performance of classrooms in public schools

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of acoustic comfort of classrooms built according to a standard design. Three constructive designs located in the metropolitan area of Curitiba (Brazil) have been evaluated, two schools built under each of these three designs, in a total of six schools. The acoustic quality of the classrooms have been analyzed based on measurements of the reverberation time, sound pressure level inside and outside the classrooms, and sound insulation. Measurements of ambient noise (external and internal) followed the Brazilian Standards NBR 10151 and NBR 10152. Measurement of reverberation time and sound insulation followed the international Standards ISO 140-4, ISO 140-5, ISO 717-1, and ISO 3382. Results (sound insulation and reverberation time) have been compared with reference values found in the Brazilian Standard NBR 1279, and in the Standards ANSI S12.60 and DIN 18041. Results reveal poor acoustical quality of the surveyed classrooms, for all 3 constructive designs studied. The surveyed designs do not meet the guidelines of either the Brazilian Standards or of the International Standards employed as references.     

基于图像融合的动态轮廓线跟踪新方法

红外与可见光传感器是目标跟踪识别系统中常用的两种传感器,对这两种传感器图像进行融合能有效提高系统跟踪检测的准确性。将动态轮廓线模型与图像融合结合,在特征搜索过程中利用特征点准确地完成了图像配准,同时使用了一种新的特征级融合方法,将两种图像中目标轮廓的B样条曲线控制点进行实时微分耦合。这种耦合将Curwen提出的微分耦合机制作了改进,利用图像配准把刚性硬模板改变为实时的变换模板并推导了融合后动态轮廓线的新的动力学方程。这种融合利用了红外图像目标轮廓信息约束可见光图像中动态轮廓线的收敛形状,有效地提高了可见光图像目标跟踪的准确性。对运动人手序列图像的对比跟踪实验表明,这种融合使得可见光图像中动态轮廓线平均跟踪误差减小了60．25％。     

基于神经元电响应的人体热舒适性评价理论

本文提出一种利用神经元电响应频率定量评价人体热舒适性的理论方法和准则。利用Hodgkin-Huxley方程和Pennes生物传热方程描述皮下神经元在瞬态温度场下的电响应特性,并研究了环境温度、对流换热系数,血液灌注率和组织导热率等参数对它的影响,结果表明神经元动作电位频率在等效温度发生0.1℃时就会发生明显变化,可以组合多个环境和热物性参数评价人体热舒适性。     

基于银纳米粒子的生成测定痕量甲醛

在碱性溶液中甲醛能还原Ag~+得到黄色银纳米粒子,使体系的共振光散射(RLS)强度增强,从而建立起测量环境中痕量甲醛的RLS新方法. 结果表明,新建方法测定甲醛的浓度线性范围为1.0×10~(-6)～2.0×10~(-5) mol/L,检出限为1.0×10~(-7) mol/L,样品加标测定的回收率为96.26%～103.32%. 并且不同浓度的甲醛还原Ag~+得到黄色银纳米粒子的颜色明显不同,基于此建立了一种可视化半定量测定痕量甲醛的新方法,此方法简便快速、灵敏度高. 用于环境水样、室内空气中甲醛的测定,结果满意.     

多源信息融合的环境舒适度检测与评价

为了能够实现对室内环境的监测和舒适度的调节,首先需要获取准确、及时的室内环境参数。针对目前室内环境监测系统存在自动化程度低、检测点部署欠灵活,安装维护困难,监控难度大等问题,设计开发了一种基于无线传感网络的室内环境监测系统。以ZigBee技术为核心,构建无线传感器网络,自动采集和传输室内相关环境参数;通过结合物联网云平台,实现远程监控和报警;运用模糊综合评价的方法,通过统计、分析、计算,得到符合实际的室内环境舒适度水平。本系统通过硬件设计降低了室内环境监测成本,通过软件设计提高了系统的监测水平和灵活性,通过结合模糊综合评价方法和物联网云平台降低了监控难度。经实验,验证了本系统在实际环境下的使用性能,适合推广应用。     

基于人眼视觉皮层系统的SAR图像目标识别

人眼的视觉系统是已知最复杂最精确的目标识别系统;针对现有浅层学习模型提取SAR图像目标特征效果不理想、普适性不强及目标识别精度不高等问题,参考人眼视觉系统的分层特征提取机制提出了一种深层特征提取目标识别算法;算法首先提出一种针对SAR图像的预处理方法,在特征提取阶段应用多层稀疏自动编码器,通过逐层减少神经元数目使编码器学习得到输入数据的压缩表示,从而提取得到更抽象更鲁棒的目标特征;采用MSTAR数据库3个目标进行实验,试验结果表明,算法能很好地对MSTAR目标进行特征提取和识别,类比原有的方法有较高的识别准确率,达到96.7%。具有较强的实用性。     

大幅提高视觉密度国家基准测量水平的方法研究

随着生物医学影像和航天军事测量的发展,对用于光学成像底片和视觉校正的视觉密度的测量范围和不确定度的要求越来越高.以自行设计的光纤半球发射器形成的复合漫射器为特征的新方案将视觉漫透射密度国家基准的光源漫射系数提高到0.945,比欧美国家基准高0.02—0.03.实验得到新基准的测量范围为0—6.0,合成不确定度为0.0015(0相似文献   

立体图像质量的主观评价方案

立体图像质量评价在立体图像压缩、处理以及通信领域中有着十分重要的作用,一种好的立体图像质量客观评价方法也要依赖于立体图像的主观评价.本文基于人眼的立体视觉特性,提出了相对完整的立体图像质量主观评价方案,该方案主要分为立体图像库的建立、评测者的选择、观看条件的描述、评测者的训练和测试、数据处理和实验结果分析六个方面.实验中,评测者根据自己的主观感受,对所选取的立体图像进行评分,最后用数理统计理论对所得数据进行处理.结果表明,本文所提出的主观评价方案可行,能够正确反映立体图像质量的优劣.     

一种可视化检测肼的苯并噁唑类荧光增强型探针

以苯并噁唑为荧光基团,合成和表征了一种用于可视化检测N₂H₄的荧光增强型探针(HL2),并研究了其光谱性质。实验结果表明,HL2对N₂H₄具有高的选择性和灵敏度,抗干扰能力强,响应快,它对N₂H₄的检测限为0.072 μmol·L^-1。此外,HL2可应用于实际水体样品中N₂H₄的检测,并且还能实现HeLa细胞中N₂H₄的荧光成像。     

Ethylenically unsaturated polycarbosiloxanes for novel silicone hydrogels: synthesis,end‐group analysis,contact lens formulations,and structure–property correlations

A series of novel mono‐ethylenically unsaturated polycarbosiloxanes macromonomers as compatibilizer materials for soft silicon hydrogels were prepared from the anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) of 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2,5‐disila‐1‐oxacyclopentane followed by methacrylation. The characterization was performed by end‐group analysis and included the determination of molecular weight, molecular weight distributions, end‐group functionality, and impurity profiles using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The synthetic procedure was optimized to minimize the formation of any dimer that would have the potential to act as a low molecular weight cross linker. In addition, the novel di‐ethylenically unsaturated polycarbosiloxanes were synthesized by cationic polymerization. Use of these silicone derivatives was explored in the formulation of contact lenses, and the structure–property relationship was examined. When copoymerized with hydrophilic monomers, these were able to give transparent and wettable films with desired properties, particularly a low moduli for contact lenses. Contact lens with high modulus is often shown to impart a higher degree discomfort when worn upon the eye. It was clear from the structure–property relationship that the modulus and the tensile strength of the formulated material depend on the nature and length of the polycarbosiloxane used and may be tuned for the purpose as needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.