双目大出瞳直径光学系统观察舒适性设计

通过介绍人眼双目视觉的原理,重点对双目大出瞳直径光学系统中会聚角和聚焦差的影响进行了分析,剖析了其影响舒适性观察的因素和设计误区,指出设计双目大出瞳直径光学系统时应考虑不同瞳距以及非零视度观察仪器的情况,避免会聚角太大或为负值。会聚角应控制在（0~4 ）m-1（光焦度）范围内;而聚焦差越小越好,不应大于2 m-1。     

潜在视功能检测仪光学参数特性的研究与优化

针对潜在视功能检测仪临床使用中量程有限和对高度屈光不正患者检测结果有一定误差的现象，研究了其光学系统成像特性，建立了系统对视力板成像的视觉放大率公式，分析了准直透镜、成像透镜焦距变化对视觉放大率的影响。系统中视力板移动检测时，准直透镜焦距影响视觉放大率变化快慢，决定视觉放大率曲线的平缓程度；成像透镜焦距对视觉放大率产生整体影响，使视觉放大率曲线产生整体平移。找出了系统的理想参数，能使视觉放大率在整个视力板移动范围内保持不变，消除了检测过程中视力板放大率不同带来的检测误差。通过对各参数的数值分析，得到最优参数，系统检测量程从原来的－7D～＋12D扩大为－11D～＋15D。     

一种改进的微光夜视系统视距探测方程

视距是评估微光夜视成像系统性能的一个重要参数。随着微光夜视探测技术的发展,经典视距模型的视距仿真结果与实测结果出现了一些偏差,特别是在10-3 lx低照度条件下视距仿真结果不甚理想,这对微光夜视仪在实际应用中造成了很大的阻碍。针对这一问题,从微光成像系统成像链路的三个环节对经典视距模型进行修正：考虑大气透过率对微光夜视系统视距的影响并对经典视距模型中的大气透过率因子进行修正;基于像增强器噪声因子对视距模型进行修正;考虑人眼视觉传递特性对微光夜视系统视距的影响,在系统的传递函数模型中加入了简化的人眼视觉模型。进而推导出改进的视距模型。结合野外试验数据,验证了改进视距模型的有效性和实用性,这对于微光夜视系统的设计、评估和应用具有一定的指导性意义。     

Integration System of Head,Eye, and Retinal Position Signals for Perceptual Direction

This study investigates the integration system of head (-to-trunk), eye (-to-head), and retinal position signals for hand pointing. In experiment 1, subjects changed their head and eye positions and pointed at a fixated visual stimulus by using an unseen pointer. In experiment 2, subjects fixated a visual stimulus and pointed at another visual stimulus. The results show that the head and eye position signals contributed linearly to perceptual direction (experiments 1 and 2), and that the coefficients of these signals decrease with peripheral vision and are smaller than the coefficient of the retinal position signal (experiment 2). These results collectively suggest that the integration algorithm of the position signals might be described by the linear summation equation and that the retinal position signal serves a more important role than the other position signals in the visual system.     

Image based visual servoing for robot positioning tasks

Visual servoing has become a popular paradigm for the control of complex robotic systems: this sensor based approach exploits the image informations provided by one ore more cameras in a feedback control loop to drive the system to the desired configuration. Here authors will refers to a monocular system where the camera is mounted on the end effector of a 6-DOF manipulator. Among different Visual Servoing approaches Image Based Visual Servoing (IBVS) has been the most investigated in the literature because of its nice properties of robustness with respect to both robot modeling and camera calibration errors: in IBVS the control loop is in fact directly closed in the image; moreover IBVS doesn’t require the knowledge of the target/scene model (model-free approach). Despite its advantages IBVS may be affected by singularity and local minima problems of the control law: these drawbacks arise especially when the initial and the goal camera images respectively corresponding to the actual and desired system configurations are very different (i.e for large system displacements). To overcome these problems an image path planning can be exploited to ensure system convergence. In this paper author presents an off-line image path planning that can be used to execute system positioning task also in presence of large camera displacements: planning trajectories has been developed such as to make the robot end effector move on a 3D helix, connecting the initial and the desired arm configuration, by generating feasible robot twist-screws and keeping the target in the image field of view. During control execution also 3D target informations are retrieved through an adaptive estimation law. Both simulations and experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

光纤陀螺可视化测试系统设计与实现

叙述了光纤陀螺可视化测试系统的设计方案和实现功能。该系统通过VC＋＋6．0中方便简洁的串口通信控件MSComm来实现光纤陀螺的数据采集，并使用技巧的数据存储方法，存储后的数据通过MATLAB7．0开发的数据处理程序进行处理，所有操作均采用模块化设计和可视化方法，方便和简化了复杂的测试过程。实验结果表明整个测试系统具有准确性、方便性等优点。     

Third‐grade teachers’ self‐reported use of multiplication and division models

Visual representations and manipulatives are a highly advocated mathematical tool for the teaching and learning of multiplication and division. Although there is some prior research on elementary teachers’ general use of manipulatives and visual representations, there is little to no specific focus on use of such representations on a specific mathematical concept. The present study examined third grade teachers’ reported use of visual representations for teaching multiplication and division. Findings indicate prevalent use of discrete models and infrequent use of continuous models. Length models and number lines are rarely used across all Common Core standards focusing on multiplication/division, with numeric‐only representations being reported frequently across all standards. Groups‐of and array models were the most prevalent visual model reported by third grade teachers. Although teachers report higher degrees of access to certain materials than previous reports on manipulative use, interview data suggests this may have more to do with purchase agreements between school districts and textbook companies than pedagogical preferences of classroom teachers. Supporting findings in prior decades, teachers in the present study report prevalent use of flashcards, charts and grid paper, and variations of counters.     

一种可视化检测肼的苯并噁唑类荧光增强型探针

以苯并噁唑为荧光基团,合成和表征了一种用于可视化检测N₂H₄的荧光增强型探针(HL2),并研究了其光谱性质。实验结果表明,HL2对N₂H₄具有高的选择性和灵敏度,抗干扰能力强,响应快,它对N₂H₄的检测限为0.072 μmol·L^-1。此外,HL2可应用于实际水体样品中N₂H₄的检测,并且还能实现HeLa细胞中N₂H₄的荧光成像。     

A simple graphical method to pinpoint local pseudosymmetries in Z′ > 1 cases

An intuitive method is presented for detecting pseudosymmetries in Z′ > 1 cases as a complement to well‐proven strategies already available in the literature. It is based in the simple idea that the mid‐points between equivalent atoms in symmetrically related molecules are disposed according to simple well‐known patterns, which are easily recognizable by optical inspection. A number of Z′ = 4 cases in the literature are analyzed, which allows some of the potentialities of the method to be revealed.     

Assessment of High Speed Imaging Systems for 2D and 3D Deformation Measurements: Methodology Development and Validation

Ultra high-speed and moderate speed image acquisition platforms have been characterized, with special emphasis on the variability and accuracy of the measurements obtained when employed in either 2D or 3D computer vision systems for deformation and shape measurements. Specifically, the type of image distortions present in both single channel cameras (HS-CMOS) and multi-channel image intensified cameras (UHS-ICCD) are quantified as part of the overall study, and their effect on the accuracy of experimental measurements obtained using digital image correlation have been determined. Results indicate that established methods for noise suppression and recently developed models for distortion correction can be used effectively in situations where the primary intensity noise components are characterized by minimal cross-talk and stationary spatial distortions. Baseline uniaxial tension experiments demonstrate that image correlation measurements using high speed imaging systems are unbiased and consistent with independent deformation measurements over the same length scale, with point-to-point strain variations that are similar to results obtained from translation experiments. In this study, the point-to-point variability in strain using the image intensified system is on the order of 0.001, whereas the non-intensified system had variability of 0.0001. Results confirm that high speed imaging systems can be utilized for full field two and three-dimensional measurements using digital image correlation methods.