Psidium guajava L., commonly known as guava is an important tropical food plant with diverse medicinal values. In traditional medicine, it is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diarrhoea, diabetes, rheumatism, ulcers, malaria, cough, and bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological activities of P. guajava with greater emphasis on its therapeutic potentials. The bioactive constituents extracted from P. guajava include phytochemicals (gallic acid, casuariin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, quercetin, syringic acid, kaempferol, apigenin, cinnamic acid, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, morin, ellagic acid, guaijaverin, pedunculoside, asiastic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, methyl gallate and epicatechin) and essential oils (limonene, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, selinene, caryophyllene oxide, bisabolol, isocaryophyllene, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, α-cedrene, β-eudesmol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool, α-terpineol and eucalyptol). In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that P. guajava possesses pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiestrogenic, and antibacterial activities which support its traditional uses. The exhibited pharmacological activities reported may be attributed to the numerous bioactive compounds present in different parts of P. guajava. Based on the beneficial effects of P. guajava as well as its bioactive constituents, it can be exploited in the development of pharmaceutical products and functional foods. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies in clinical trials to establish the safe doses and efficacy of P. guajava for the treatment of several diseases. 相似文献
ObjectiveTo explore the disturbed molecular functions and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using Gibbs sampling.MethodsGene expression data of ccRCC samples and adjacent non-tumor renal tissues were recruited from public available database. Then, molecular functions of expression changed genes in ccRCC were classed to Gene Ontology (GO) project, and these molecular functions were converted into Markov chains. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm was implemented to perform posterior inference and identify probability distributions of molecular functions in Gibbs sampling. Differentially expressed molecular functions were selected under posterior value more than 0.95, and genes with the appeared times in differentially expressed molecular functions ≥5 were defined as pivotal genes. Functional analysis was employed to explore the pathways of pivotal genes and their strongly co-regulated genes.ResultsIn this work, we obtained 396 molecular functions, and 13 of them were differentially expressed. Oxidoreductase activity showed the highest posterior value. Gene composition analysis identified 79 pivotal genes, and survival analysis indicated that these pivotal genes could be used as a strong independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. Pathway analysis identified one pivotal pathway − oxidative phosphorylation.ConclusionsWe identified the differentially expressed molecular functions and pivotal pathway in ccRCC using Gibbs sampling. The results could be considered as potential signatures for early detection and therapy of ccRCC. 相似文献
Early and accurate detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the morbidity of surgical therapy. Glypican‐3 (GPC3) is a protein abnormally expressed in HCC that has been identified as a serological and histochemical HCC marker. A novel peptide that specifically recognizes GPC3 will facilitate early detection of HCC and guide the treatment strategy. Herein, phage display screening technology is utilized to obtain a GPC3 binding peptide (GBP) using HCC cells expressing GPC3 in varying abundances. After seven rounds of panning, a peptide with sequence of THVSPNQGGLPS is identified with 735.2 ± 53.6 × 10−9 m affinity to GPC3. The ability to target GPC3 in vivo is evaluated by intravenous injection of GBP labeled with a near‐infrared dye, Cy5.5, into a HCC tumor‐bearing mouse model. Significant high tumor accumulation (tumor/muscle ratio: 6.49 ± 0.55) of Cy5.5‐GBP in HepG2 tumors is observed compared with that of the low GPC3 expressing prostate cancer cell line, PC3 (tumor/muscle ratio: 1.15 ± 0.32). By targeting GPC3, GBP differentiates tumor tissues from normal liver tissues in patients, suggesting a great clinical translation potency of GBP. Collectively, GBP demonstrates great potential for HCC detection via fluorescent imaging or histological staining.
The authors examine properties of daunorubicin (DNR)‐loaded oil‐core multilayer nanocapsules prepared via layer‐by‐layer approach with different polyelectrolyte (PE) coatings such as a standard one (containing polysodium 4‐styrenesulphonate/poly(diallyldimethyl‐ammonium) chloride) and a polysaccharide‐based shell (dextran/chitosan), in regard to the outer layer of poly‐l ‐glutamic acid (PGA) grafted with polyethylene glycol (PGA‐g‐PEG). The nanocarriers are obtained on a cationic nanoemulsion template (stabilized by dicephalic‐type surfactant, N ,N‐bis[3,30‐(trimethylammonio)propyl]‐dodecanamide dimethylsulfate) and layered with the PE shell of different thicknesses resulting in average size of 150 nm in diameter (as shown by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy). The nanocapsules demonstrate efficient DNR encapsulation and its sustained release under physiological conditions or in the attendance of human serum albumin. The biocompatibility studies using colon carcinoma MC38 and macrophage P388D1 cell lines as well as human erythrocytes reveal that surface charge and outer PE layer type determine nanocarrier features that control their biological activity: protein adsorption, cellular internalization and localization, induction of apoptosis, and hemolytic activity. The investigations indicate that polysaccharide‐coated nanocapsules present a considerable potential for application as efficient DNR delivery systems in chemotherapy of colon cancer as an alternative to nanocarriers with PEG‐ylated shell.
Apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived,p53-independent,bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis of various human tumor cells,but not of normal diploid cells.To explore the application of apoptin in tumor gene therapy,we used a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin protein (vFV-Apoptin) to investigate the anti-tumor effectes of vFV-Apoptin on human cervical carcinoma(HeLa) cells in vivo and in vitro through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetraz... 相似文献
