On the spread of the spectrum of a graph

Some new upper bounds and lower bounds are obtained for the spread λ₁−λ_n of the eigenvalues λ₁≥λ₂≥?≥λ_n of the adjacency matrix of a simple graph.     

Compatible spreads of symmetry in near polygons

In De Bruyn [7] it was shown that spreads of symmetry of near polygons give rise to many other near polygons, the so-called glued near polygons. In the present paper we will study spreads of symmetry in product and glued near polygons. Spreads of symmetry in product near polygons do not lead to new glued near polygons. The study of spreads of symmetry in glued near polygons gives rise to the notion of ‘compatible spreads of symmetry'. We will classify all pairs of compatible spreads of symmetry for the known classes of dense near polygons. All these pairs of spreads can be used to construct new glued near polygons. Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation-Flanders.     

用基于厚度估计的卷积算法校正X线图像散射的方法

在数字X线摄影中,散射-眩光造成了图像对比度的下降,为了提高数字X线图像的质量,本方法使用曝光参数和图像灰阶值对图像中的每个像素确定等价的有机玻璃厚度,然后在像素-像素的基础上使用厚度信息估计散射-眩光强度。这里我们把60kV和80kV两种参考状态进行线性组合求校正系数,避免了片面性。为了测试本方法估计散射-眩光强度的能力,把它应用在对志愿者胸部所拍摄的图像中,并获得了一定的结果。本方法为解决数字X线图像中的散射校正问题提供了一种有效的手段。     

相位板装配倾斜对波前编码系统点扩散函数的影响

分析了装配误差引起的相位板倾斜对波前编码系统的影响,通过坐标变换推导了相应条件下的广义光瞳函数。结果表明:倾斜因子对系统的相位板系数具有放大效果,其随倾斜角绝对值的增大而增大,而与倾斜角的正负无关。相位板倾斜会放大系统点扩散函数包络面的两条直角边,相应地降低其光学传递函数值。在子午倾斜的条件下,子午方向的相位板系数放大效果大于弧矢方向,从而导致点扩散函数包络面在子午方向的放大效果大于弧矢方向,子午方向光学传递函数值的降低效果大于弧矢方向。采用MATLAB以及商用光学软件进行仿真实验,验证了上述结论。     

基于FPGA的射频装定系统编码模块设计

针对射频装定系统易受噪声和干扰的影响,导致数据装定出现错误的问题,提出在装定系统发送端对工作命令进行差错控制编码,增强系统的抗干扰能力。首先,根据(7,4)循环码信息位和监督位之间的线性关系,对工作命令进行编码,使其具有发现并纠正一个错误位的能力。其次,采用平衡Gold码进行扩频调制,使系统具有保密性强的优点。最后,在采用查表法进行正弦信号发生器设计的基础上,进行选择法的QPSK调制,具有结构简单、易于实现的优点。经实验验证,采用31位的的Gold码进行调制,系统扩频增益为14.77dB;QPSK波形频率为781.25 KHz,符合设计需求。     

Applying robust multibit watermarks to digital images

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust multibit watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum technique analysis. The paper presents the watermark embedding and detection algorithms, which use both wavelets and the Discrete Cosine Transform and analyzes the arising issues.     

An efficient spread spectrum pulse position modulation scheme for point-to-point underwater acoustic communication

The underwater acoustic channel is a complicated and time-varying multipath channel, and many equalization algorithms have been researched and developed to overcome the difficulties for underwater acoustic communication. Unfortunately, many algorithms are computational intensive and prone to lose convergence due to their sensitiveness to different channel configurations. In this paper, a pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme is proposed, and it uses two M-sequences of low cross-correlation to transfer information, which are modulated on two orthogonal carriers. One is used as a reference sequence, and the other is shifted relative to the reference. Information is carried by the starting time difference between the two sequences in each symbol. Comparing with conventional direct-sequence spread spectrum technique, the proposed scheme is more spectral efficient. Two receiver designs are given, one takes advantages of M-sequences’ auto-correlation properties, and the other is motivated by passive phase conjugation (PPC) to take advantages of the channel. Combined with M-sequence, PPC performance is augmented without a receiving array to cover the water column, and it is far less complex than adaptive equalizers for receivers. Results from lake field trials are analyzed, and they verify potential applications of this PPM scheme.     

Viral conductance: Quantifying the robustness of networks with respect to spread of epidemics

In this paper, we propose a novel measure, viral conductance (VC), to assess the robustness of complex networks with respect to the spread of SIS epidemics. In contrast to classical measures that assess the robustness of networks based on the epidemic threshold above which an epidemic takes place, the new measure incorporates the fraction of infected nodes at steady state for all possible effective infection strengths. Through examples, we show that VC provides more insight about the robustness of networks than does the epidemic threshold. We also address the paradoxical robustness of Barabási–Albert preferential attachment networks. Even though this class of networks is characterized by a vanishing epidemic threshold, the epidemic requires high effective infection strength to cause a major outbreak. On the contrary, in homogeneous networks the effective infection strength does not need to be very much beyond the epidemic threshold to cause a major outbreak. To overcome computational complexities, we propose a heuristic to compute the VC for large networks with high accuracy. Simulations show that the heuristic gives an accurate approximation of the exact value of the VC. Moreover, we derive upper and lower bounds of the new measure. We also apply the new measure to assess the robustness of different types of network structures, i.e. Watts–Strogatz small world, Barabási–Albert, correlated preferential attachment, Internet AS-level, and social networks. The extensive simulations show that in Watts–Strogatz small world networks, the increase in probability of rewiring decreases the robustness of networks. Additionally, VC confirms that the irregularity in node degrees decreases the robustness of the network. Furthermore, the new measure reveals insights about design and mitigation strategies of infrastructure and social networks.     

Structure and properties of diffusion flame spreading over thermally thin fuel/inert sheet

An analytical theory for the steady-state flame spread over a thermally thin fuel/inert sheet is developed in this study. The model considers a laminar diffusion flame in a uniform opposed flow and is based on the solution of the two-dimensional gas phase species and energy equations carried out early by the author. The solid phase energy equation is one-dimensional and coupled to the gas phase. Under some standard assumptions, the solution of this problem has been derived, from which it follows that the analytical dependence of non-dimensional flame-spread rate on the properties of components when the heat transfers via the solid phase is considerable. Main tendencies of the flame-spread process have been discovered and analyzed for two limiting cases. In the first one, when the flame size is large and due to this there is the strong heat flow going through the solid phase into a longitudinal direction, the spread rate rises considerably with the thermal conductivity of solid phase. In the second case, when the flame size and the heat flow from the flame into the solid phase are relatively small, the spread rate decreases with the thermal conductivity of solid phase due to the convective heat loss from the preheating zone into the gas flow. On the achievement of the critical conditions, the flame spread ceases. On the basis of the theory developed some explanations of the main feature of the flame-spread process over thin fuel/inert sheet are given and the generalization of available experimental data of the flame-spread rate has been carried out.