炼油废水再生工艺技术

采用“悬浮载体生物深度处理、臭氧部分氧化及生物活性炭处理”等工序开发了一种新的炼油废水再生工艺技术，深度处理炼油废水。COD、BOD、NH3-N、油、硫化物、SS、细菌等主要污染物被有效去除，总出水清澈，无色无味，可满足工业用新鲜水、生活与办公、绿化等的水质要求，且处理费用低，运行稳定可靠。     

Ultrasonic technology for enhanced oil recovery from failing oil wells and the equipment for its implemention

A new method for the ultrasonic enhancement of oil recovery from failing wells is described. The technology involves lowering a source of power ultrasound to the bottom of the well either for a short treatment before removal or as a permanent placement for intermittent use. In wells where the permeability is above 20 mD and the porosity is greater than 15% ultrasonic treatment can increase oil production by up to 50% and in some cases even more. For wells of lower permeability and porosity ultrasonic treatment alone is less successful but high production rates can be achieved when ultrasound is applied in conjunction with chemicals. An average productivity increase of nearly 3 fold can be achieved for this type of production well using the combined ultrasound with chemical treatment technology.     

Two stage electrostatic separator for the recycling of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment

The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new facility for recycling of plastics from granular waste electrical and electronic equipment. The installation consists of two sections, the products of a first tribo-aero-electrostatic separator being subsequently treated in two free-fall electrostatic separators. The tests were performed on a mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide (PA). Analysis of the purity of the products obtained was performed using a program of image processing in MATLAB. Products of very high purity (roughly 95% for both PC and PA) were obtained at a recovery rate higher than 70%.     

Microstructure,Rheology, and Potential Oil Absorbency of Poly(Butyl Methacrylate) and Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Blends

To prepare oil-absorptive polymers with moderate cross-linking structure, poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) was synthesized as a linear hydrophobic polymer by suspension polymerization. In addition, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as a monomer, which could construct a network structure among the macromolecules via hydrogen bond interactions, was solution polymerized in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with PBMA, yielding a polymer blend of PBMA and PHEMA. The solution of the polymer blend was investigated by rotational viscometry and extended rheometry. The results showed that the viscosity varied greatly with the temperature and shear rate for three different compositions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that an entanglement or interlocking cross-linking structure of molecular chains was constructed by hydrogen bonds. The results from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra exhibited a downfield movement of the proton peak as influenced by end groups or hydroxyls in the polymer chains. The rheological measurements demonstrated that the cross-linking structure greatly affected the rheological behavior of the blend solution. In addition, the cross-linking structure was also evaluated by oil absorbency of films.     

酯交换生物柴油的柱层析分离纯化与分析

以文冠果油通过酯交换法制备的粗生物柴油为原料,采用柱层析进行精制纯化,然后利用气相色谱、GC-MS、红外光谱和1 H核磁共振等分析产物的成分。粗油经柱层析分离出两个馏分:石油醚洗脱馏分(A1),主要是由文冠果油经酯交换反应得到的生物柴油,包括亚油酸甲酯、油酸甲酯等;甲醇洗脱馏分(A2)主要是甘油馏分,是油脂酯交换反应的副产物。结果表明:由柱层析进行分离纯化后,生物柴油的纯度由原来的77.51%提高到93.87%,生物柴油的回收率也高达91.04%;红外光谱和1 H核磁共振的分析结果进一步表明柱层析能够有效地提高生物柴油的纯度,为工业化纯化生物柴油提供了依据。     

测量低真空系统压强的U型管油压强计

本文介绍了一种测量范围为１ｍｍＨｇ—２０ｍｍＨｇ，测量精度为０．１ｍｍＨｇ的低真空测量装置及其使用条件和方法。有效地代替了以水银为媒质的旋转式麦氏真空计。     

水面油污染物差分偏振光谱信号预处理算法研究

采用差分偏振光谱法在3～5μm波段对水面溢油污染物进行被动遥感时,所测差分偏振光谱是含有强大气吸收光谱信号与油污染物目标弱光谱信号的混合谱,这给油污染物光谱特征识别带来了困难。另外,受环境因素以及油膜自身张力影响,水面油膜厚度分布以及油膜表面粗糙度在测量过程中发生变化,从而使得连续测量的差分偏振光谱中油污染物光谱信息含量存在不同。利用这一特点,基于固定点迭代的快速主成分分析算法FastPCA设计了水面溢油污染物差分偏振光谱信号预处理算法。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地将水面油污染物目标光谱特征信息从具有强大气吸收的混合差分偏振光谱信号中提取出来,通过光谱重构得到油污染物光谱特征信号,可用于进一步的定性、定量分析。     

Characterization and purification of fatty acid methyl esters from the liver oil of the deep sea shark (Centrophorus squamosus) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and countercurrent chromatography

Summary In the course of our studies on the location of marine products, we have directed our attention to the saponifiable fraction of the liver oil from the deep sea shark (Centrophorus squamosus). Different analytical and preparative techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), countercurrent chromatography (CCC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS, electron impact (EI) and positive-ion chemical ionization (PCI)] were used. These methods allowed us to characterize, after various derivatizations, most of the fatty acids formed after the saponification of the oil, and to purify two of them, namely: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA or 226) and docosamonoenoic acid (DMA or 221).