Behavior of laryngeal muscles of the late William Vennard

Behavior of the cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoid, vocalis, and interarytenoid muscles of William D. Vennard was electromyographically investigated. This article demonstrates electromyographic recordings that have not been published. Data presentation and discussion are focused on vocal registers, some phrases for voice training and warm-up, vowels, phonation modes, fundamental frequency control, the interarytenoid muscle, and some nonsinging behaviors     

Some remarks on intensity calculations near the caustic

Using various formulae describing the field near the caustic, the amplitude distribution along the direction perpendicular to the smooth branch of the caustic of A₂ type was calculated and then compared with the results of numerical calculations based on the Kirchhoff integral.     

Electrical pumping of a third-order mode semiconductor laser

AlGaAs-based quantum well laser structures with third-order waveguide mode emission at 775 nm are a promising route toward compact twin-photon sources at 1.55 μm based on the principle of modal phase matching between the pumping frequency and fundamental modes at half frequency in III–V semiconductor waveguides. Following the demonstration and characterization of an optically pumped third-order mode semiconductor laser, in this paper we present data of the corresponding structure under conditions of electrical pumping. By pumping electrically and optically the same sample made for current injection, identical transverse far-field angular laser mode profiles are measured and with very low parasitic losses. Although they do not follow the third-order mode emission pattern as it is expected, however this means that the different way of pumping, that of the electrical one as compared to optical pumping is not responsible for the absence of third-order mode emission. Furthermore, since the undoped optically pumped laser sample correctly emits on the third-order mode, it is concluded that the cladding layers of the structure still need to be optimized in doping and thickness, in order to reduce the internal losses for the third-order mode.     

Theoretical evaluation of the overall values of Booth type R-indices based on intensity variables

Theoretical expressions for the overall values of three Booth type R-indices based on intensity variables are derived. The results are applicable to crystals of any space group containing any number and type of atoms at general positions in the asymmetric unit. The theoretical results were tested in the case of models of a few crystal structures.     

High-frequency components of normal voice

Recent advancements in digital audio technology have made highly detailed analysis of the voice signal possible. Utilizing a digital audio tape recorder, 16-bit analog-digital converter, and a fast microcomputer with large memory, such an acoustic analysis was performed on five vowels using 13 normal subjects. This article presents results that indicate the normal voice contains significant amounts of very high-frequency energy above 10 kHz. The power of this high-frequency energy is affected by vocal tract shape, which varies significantly among different individuals.     

超短超强激光和稠密等离子体相互作用的数值研究

应用一维粒子模拟方法数值研究了超短超中激光和稠密等离子体的相互作用，结果表明，在等离子体中的激发起无规则的电场波动，同时在等离子体中产生温度很高的电子。     

Structural interfaces in linear elasticity. Part II: Effective properties and neutrality

The model of structural interfaces developed in Part I of this paper allows us to analytically attack and solve different problems of stress concentration and composites. In particular, (i) new formulae are given for effective properties of composite materials containing dilute suspensions of (randomly oriented) reinforced elliptical voids or inclusions; (ii) a new definition is proposed for inclusion neutrality (to account for the fact that the matrix is always ‘overstressed’, and thus non-neutral in a classical sense, at the contacts with the interfacial structure), which is shown to provide interesting stress optimality conditions. More generally, it is shown that the incorporation of an interfacial structure at the contact between two elastic solids exhibits properties that cannot be obtained using the more conventional approach of the zero-thickness, linear interface. For instance: contrary to the zero-thickness interface, both bulk and shear effective moduli can be optimized for a structural interface; effective properties higher that those possible with a perfect interface can be attained with a structural interface; and neutrality holds with a structural interface for a substantially broader range of parameters than for a zero-thickness interface.     

典型电磁现象的可视化实现

介绍了典型电磁现象的可视化实现过程.用计算机模拟计算出典型电磁现象在空间的分布情况,因此我们可以用图形方式来观察典型电磁现象.同时给出了几个具体实例.     

Eu~(3+)掺杂铌硅玻璃的微观局域环境特性

研究了Eu3+掺杂铌硅玻璃的5D0发射光谱,其激发谱中7F0 5D2声子边带,荧光窄化谱及5D0能级寿命。并由此计算了强度参数与晶场参数。结果显示5D0 7F2 5D0 7F1发光强度之比与强度参数Ω2随着Nb2O5浓度的增加而增大,表明材料对称性降低,Eu-O键强增加,共价性增强。晶场参数B20随着Nb2O5的浓度增加而减小,同样表明Eu-O键的距离减小,键强增加。随着Nb2O5的浓度增加,电 声子耦合增强,5D0能级的无辐射过程加快,寿命变短。     

Monoalkylation of dihydroxycoumarins via Mitsunobu dehydroalkylation under high intensity ultrasound. The synthesis of ferujol

Monoalkylation of natural dihydroxycoumarins was carried out by Mitsunobu dehydroalkylation under sonochemical conditions. Aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) was selectively alkylated in good yield with prenyl alcohols at position 7, as clearly shown by NOESY experiments; though less selectively, position 7 was also the most reactive in daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin). The synthesis of the phytoestrogen ferujol is also reported for the first time.