Stability and convergence of modified Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors in Banach spaces

Summary Some stability and convergence theorems of the modified Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors for asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the intermediate sense and asymptotically pseudo contractive and uniformly Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces are obtained.     

Cooling,identification and spectroscopy of super-heavy element ions

We briefly discuss some possibilities for cooling, identification and spectroscopy of super-heavy element (SHE) ions based on recent results obtained from studies of atomic and molecular ions in linear rf traps. Since these investigations only relied on the charge and the mass of the ion of interest, we believe it should be straight forward to adopt most of the techniques for SHE ion research.     

Real time ellipsometry for monitoring plasma-assisted epitaxial growth of GaN

GaN is grown on Si-face 4H-SiC(0 0 0 1) substrates using remote plasma-assisted methods including metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (RP-MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry is used for monitoring all the steps of substrate pre-treatments and the heteroepitaxial growth of GaN on SiC. Our characterization emphasis is on understanding the nucleation mechanism and the GaN growth mode, which depend on the SiC surface preparation.     

A coincidence transmission electron microscope with digital waveform measuring system for analytical microscopy

We have been developing a new analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM), called a coincidence TEM, which in principle enables elemental mapping images to be observed at a high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio under very low dose radiation conditions. In this paper, we report the development of a coincidence TEM with a digital waveform measuring system for obtaining a coincidence elemental mapping image. In this system, analog signals detected by a Si(Li) detector and a multianode, position‐sensitive photomultiplier (PSPM) are continuously converted into 12‐bit digital waveform data at a rate of 100 MHz, and transferred to a PC. From the transferred digital waveform data, information on X‐ray photon energy, electron incident position, and detection times of both X rays and electrons are calculated by digital waveform measurement, which lead to the observation of a successful coincidence elemental mapping image. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On concepts of directional differentiability

Various definitions of directional derivatives in topological vector spaces are compared. Directional derivatives in the sense of Gâteaux, Fréchet, and Hadamard are singled out from the general framework of -directional differentiability. It is pointed out that, in the case of finite-dimensional spaces and locally Lipschitz mappings, all these concepts of directional differentiability are equivalent. The chain rule for directional derivatives of a composite mapping is discussed.     

Molecular Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction between Heparin and Neutral Red

The interaction between heparin and neutral red was investigated by molecular spectroscopic methods. The change of all spectra suggested that positively charged neutral red had interacted with negatively charged heparin. The study of influence factors indicated that electrostatic force and hydrophobic bond might be involved in the interaction. The total binding number per disaccharide unit and intrinsic binding constant were obtained using Scatchard model.     

Synthesis and characterization of some carbazole-based imine polymers

Five imine polymers, all containing 3,6-disubstituted carbazole ring in the main polymer chain, were synthesized by solution polycondensation of 3,6-diformyl (N-hexyl) carbazole with hydrazine, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene and 3,6-(N-hexyl) diaminocarbazole. The polymers were analyzed by spectroscopic methods and compared with two imine models.     

Monitoring of yeast fermentation by ion mobility spectrometry measurement and data visualisation with Self-Organizing Maps

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) measurement combined with unsupervised neurocomputing is considered as a new potential method for on-line monitoring of fermentation and other processes producing volatile compounds that involve micro-organisms. This was demonstrated in a model system in which a strain of brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was cultivated in a bench-top fermenter. Five phases of yeast growth could be detected from measurements of the exhaust gases from the fermenter, as indicated by the changes in ion mobility spectra analysed by computational methods.The data were first processed using the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm, the results showing that the phases of fermentation can be detected and identified. The cultivations were also shown by Sammon’s mapping to be comparable to a certain level of accuracy. Contaminated cultivation could be detected by its distinctive ion mobility spectrometry profile.     

Cavity search: An algorithm for the isolation and display of cavity-like binding regions

Summary A set of algorithms designed to enhance the display of protein binding cavities is presented. These algorithms, collectively entitled CAVITY SEARCH, allow the user to isolate and fully define the extent of a particular cavity. Solid modeling techniques are employed to produce a detailed cast of the active site region, which can then be color-coded to show electrostatic and steric interactions between the protein cavity and a bound ligand.     

Spectroscopic and biological studies on newly synthesized nickel(II) complexes of semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones

Nickel(II) complexes, having the general composition Ni(L)2X2, have been synthesized [where L: isopropyl methyl ketone semicarbazone (LLA), isopropyl methyl ketone thiosemicarbazone (LLB), 4-aminoacetophenone semicarbazone (LLC) and 4-aminoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (LLD) and X=Cl-, 1/2SO(4)2-]. All the Ni(II) complexes reported here have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic moments, IR, electronic and mass spectral studies. All the complexes were found to have magnetic moments corresponding to two unpaired electrons. The possible geometries of the complexes were assigned on the basis of electronic and infrared spectral studies. Newly synthesized ligand and its nickel(II) complexes have been screened against different bacterial and fungal growth.