挥发性盐基氮的光谱分析方法

报道了一种挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)测定方法。通过奈斯勒试剂处理的分子筛吸收挥发性盐基氮,形成NH₂Hg₂IO固相显色体,采用漫反射光谱装置直接测定。探讨了测量原理、条件及影响因素,表明该方法具有操作方便,灵敏度高,试剂用量少等优点。方法的线性范围为1～8 μg·mL-1,检测限达0.1 g·mL-1。用于鱼、肉食品新鲜度的监测,发现鱼肉随放置时间的延长,挥发性盐基氮迅速增加,表明鱼肉的腐败变质是一个加速过程,并且鱼的变质速率相对猪肉更快一些。     

离体正常乳腺组织350～850 nm波段光谱特性

采用带有积分球附件的紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计测量了离体正常乳腺组织在350～850 nm光谱范围的反射率和透射率,运用反向倍加法得到了离体正常乳腺组织在相应光谱范围的光学参数,分析了正常乳腺组织的光学穿透深度随波长的变化情况。实验结果表明：350～850 nm波段正常乳腺组织的约化散射系数μ′_s大于吸收系数μ_a。μ′_s随着波长的增加而减小,即从350 nm波长值为9.731 mm-1～850 nm波长值为1.476 mm-1。μ_a从350 nm波长值为0.798 mm-1～850 nm波长值为0.102 mm-1,410 nm波长处存在一个吸收峰,其值为0.506 mm-1。光学穿透深度随着波长的增加而增大,从350 nm波长值为0.199 mm-1～850 nm波长值为1.439 mm。基于反向倍加法计算获得乳腺组织的光学参数,采用Monte Carlo模拟得到其相应光谱范围的反射率和透射率,并与实际测量值进行比较,二者的一致性较好。实验结果为乳腺组织的光活检及其光学治疗提供重要参考。     

不同微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响

分别采用Holtsmark,Neutral Point,Nearest-Neighbor和Mayer模型微场分布函数对Stark线型进行了研究,进而得到相应微场函数下的Stark加宽和频移,研究了4种不同的微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响。研究结果表明,在电子加宽参数不变时,4种微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响随离子加宽参数的增加而增加;在离子加宽参数不变时,4种微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响随电子加宽参数的增加而增加;特别是,当离子加宽参数较大时,Mayer模型微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响异常明显。这说明,微场分布函数对谱线的加宽和频移的影响在离子与离子碰撞剧烈的等离子体环境中尤其显著, 在这样的等离子体环境中,进行等离子体诊断时,选择合适的微场分布函数非常重要。结果对等离子体诊断有一定参考价值。     

露天煤矿排土场地表的光谱特征和土壤参数分析

以辽宁海州煤矿露天排土场为研究对象,分析了地表土壤光谱特征以及反射光谱与地表土壤参数的相关性。土壤反射光谱分析结果表明：不同排土年限光谱反射率随排土年限的增长而降低;不同土质中灰土和混合土的水分吸收谷表征不明显,红壤土、黄土和红砂土光谱反射率以红壤土为最高, 以下依次为黄土和红砂土。土壤反射光谱与土壤参数相关性分析结果表明：有机质含量与反射光谱相关性最高处的相关系数为-0.76,其他参数与反射光谱相关系数较低。建立土壤有机质含量预测模型(建模R2_C=0.737 4,模型检验R2_V=0.682 4)满足检测要求。分析了1 910和1 943 nm处光谱反射率与土壤含水量之间的关系,结果表明由于排土场土壤的多样性和复杂性,土壤全样本光谱反射率与土壤含水量之间呈非线性相关,分别依年代、土质分组后,土壤光谱反射率与土壤含水量均呈线性相关。     

Experimental and numerical study of mixed convection with flow reversal in coaxial double-duct heat exchangers

Velocity vectors in a vertical coaxial double-duct heat exchanger for parallel ascending flow of water under conditions of laminar mixed convection have been determined experimentally using the particle image velocimetry technique. The measured velocity distributions for large annular flow rates, resulting in an essentially isothermal environment for the stream in the inner tube, are in very good agreement with corresponding numerical predictions. For flow rates of the same order of magnitude in the inner tube and the annulus, and corresponding temperature differences of about 20 °C, experimental observations show that flow reversal occurs simultaneously in both streams over large axial distances for both heating and cooling of the flow in the inner tube.     

Spectral method for solving the equal width equation based on Chebyshev polynomials

A spectral solution of the equal width (EW) equation based on the collocation method using Chebyshev polynomials as a basis for the approximate solution has been studied. Test problems, including the migration of a single solitary wave with different amplitudes are used to validate this algorithm which is found to be accurate and efficient. The three invariants of the motion are evaluated to determine the conservation properties of the algorithm. The interaction of two solitary waves is seen to cause the creation of a source for solitary waves. Usually these are of small magnitude, but when the amplitudes of the two interacting waves are opposite, the source produces trains of solitary waves whose amplitudes are of the same order as those of the initial waves. The three invariants of the motion of the interaction of the three positive solitary waves are computed to determine the conservation properties of the system. The temporal evaluation of a Maxwellian initial pulse is then studied. Comparisons are made with the most recent results both for the error norms and the invariant values.     

Three-Party Quantum State Sharing of an Arbitrary Unknown Two-Qubit State Based on Entanglement Swapping and Bell-State Measurements

We propose a scheme for sharing an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state among three parties by using a four-qubit cluster-class state and a Bell state as a quantum channel. With a quantum controlled phase gate (QCPG) operation and a local unitaryoperation, any one of the two agents has the access to reconstruct the original state if he/she collaborates with the other one, whilst individual agent obtains no information. As all quantum resource can be used to carry the useful information, the intrinsic efficiency of qubits approaches the maximal value. Moreover, the present scheme is more feasible with present-day technique.     

一种基于光谱奇异值检测的高光谱遥感小目标探测方法

高光谱遥感技术能够借助丰富的地物图像和光谱信息,反映目标地物与背景地物间的细微差异,从而将其区分开来。目前的小目标探测算法多侧重于从图像处理方面着手,文章则从光谱维数据分析的角度出发,利用光谱分析中的奇异值检测方法探测小目标,首先对关注区域的地物像元光谱进行连续统去除和正交变换等预处理;然后将每个像元的光谱对该区域平均光谱进行光谱匹配求其相似性,并实现高光谱数据降维;而后通过光谱角匹配值的马氏距离进行奇异值检测,将马氏距离大于自适应阈值的像元判定为小目标。该方法不需要任何先验信息,实验结果表明该方法运算量较小,运算速度快,并有较好的小目标探测准确度。     

“反胶团法”合成的CdS半导体纳米粒子的光谱性质研究

反相胶束是指由介于油和水界面的表面活性剂分子, 稳定、且均匀分散于连续油介质中的微液滴。它可以作为“微反应器”合成性能优良的CdS粒子。文章研究了反相胶束的W值(W=[水]/[表面活性剂])、[Cd2+]与[S2-]的比例和Cd2+和S2- 离子的起始浓度对CdS纳米粒子发光特性均有明显影响。回流处理可以对CdS纳米粒子的表面进行修饰,可以使CdS粒子的缺陷发光减弱并消失而显著增强激子发射,同时可增大粒径使激子发射峰位红移,体现了明显的量子限域效应; 所得材料的室温最大荧光量子效率高达11%。     

滤光片型近红外仪器模型传递的研究

模型传递问题是近红外光谱分析技术中解决数据通用性的关键问题。文章以玉米籽粒近红外光谱图(检测其中水分含量)为例,考察了模型传递的问题。使用斜率截距算法,直接校正法和目标因子分析等算法,在5台滤光片型近红外仪器上实现了模型传递,并比较了各种方法的模型传递效果。研究表明,直接校正法的模型传递效果最好,4台从仪器的平均传递差异度为7.01%。文章还研究了标准样品数量对模型传递效果的影响。作为转换集的标准样品数目越多,模型传递效果越好,一般有20个标准样品就能达到稳定的效果。当转换集小于20时,直接校正法的传递效果急剧下降,而标准样品数量对斜率截距法和目标因子分析法的影响不明显。