线型离子阱中空间电荷效应的理论分析

线型离子阱中的离子在射频场作用下做宏观的久期运动,久期运动频率与实验参数有关.但当离子阱中囚禁大量同种电荷的离子时,空间电荷效应会导致离子间存在相互排斥的库仑力,使离子的运动频率发生漂移.本文通过求解泊松方程计算了空间电荷产生的附加电场的解析表达式,在小振动近似下理论计算了该附加电场对久期运动频率的影响,模拟了不同离子云中心密度下久期频率的漂移,讨论了离子云的数目、温度与实验参数之间的关系.对用离子阱进行的频标实验、碰撞实验和其他方面的研究都具有重要的指导意义.     

COSmθ磁探圈的研制及其在HT-6上的应用

一、引言 观测托卡马克装置中等离子体引起的极向磁场扰动,通常把测得的磁扰动信号用电子学线路进行模拟量处理或计算机系统作数字量处理,如相关分析,空间付利叶分析等,以辨别各种扰动模式及其随时间的演化。用这些方法监测放电准稳阶段的磁流体扰动,已属常     

Evaluating the accuracy of ESR dose determination of pseudo-Early Pleistocene fossil tooth enamel samples using dose recovery tests

In ESR dating of Early Pleistocene fossil tooth enamel samples, the fitting function used for the evaluation of the D_E value is undoubtedly among the major sources of uncertainty. Dose recovery tests performed on fossil tooth enamel showing D_E values >1,000 Gy demonstrate: (i) that high precision ESR measurements (<0.5%) and high D_E reproducibility (<5%) may be achieved; (ii) the appropriateness of the Double Saturating Exponential (DSE) fitting function for ESR dose reconstruction. In contrast, the SSE function, which has been almost exclusively used so far, does simply not correctly describe the behavior of the radiation induced ESR signal of tooth enamel with the dose.Several fitting functions and data weighting options were tested and the combination of a DSE with data weighted by the inverse of the squared intensities is the procedure providing the most accurate D_E results. However, the SSE may nevertheless sometimes produce consistent results if D_max does not exceed 6*D_E. Further work is required in that direction in order to determine more precisely in which conditions the SSE could be used as a fair approximation of the DSE function for these samples.     

Multi-sensors SAR system for real-time dosimetry assessment

A multi-sensor test-bench for determining the SAR (specific absorption rate) due to wireless devices emitting in equivalent human tissues is presented. Real-time SAR assessment is proposed considering a spatially distributed multiprobe test-bench. In comparison with a multi-axial robot SAR system, the proposed one does not require any displacement, thus reducing drastically acquisition time, once parallel data acquisition and interpolation techniques are employed for accelerating measurements.     

Large impact in electrical properties of polypropylene by improving the filler-matrix interface effect in PP/PS blends

Inorganic nanoparticles are widely used to improve space charge behavior, DC breakdown strength and other electrical properties of polymer insulating materials, but the uniform distribution of inorganic nanofillers in matrix is difficult due to their agglomeration and bad compatibility with the polymeric matrix. In this paper, polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends were prepared to suppress space charge accumulation and improve DC breakdown strength. Polypropylene-g-polystyrene (PP-g-PS) graft copolymer was used as compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of PP matrix and PS filler. The evolution of microstructure of PP/PS blends were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the space charge distributions were measured by a pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) system, and DC breakdown strength was also tested. The morphologies show that the size of PS particles reduced to 310 nm when the content of PP-g-PS graft copolymer increased to 24 wt%, and the interaction between PP matrix and PS particles enhanced. The presence of PS particles in all PP/PS blends suppressed the space charge accumulation compared to neat PP, but the DC breakdown strength in uncompatibilized blend was lower than neat PP. The increasing of content of PP-g-PS improved the DC breakdown strength with the maximum value of 408.9 kV/mm was obtained. This may attribute to excellent interface structure formed between PP matrix and PS particles.     

Study of TL properties of LaAlO3:Ce,Dy crystals for UV dosimetry

Thermoluminescence properties of lanthanum aluminum oxide (LaAlO₃) crystals doped with optically active rare earth ions have been investigated for ultraviolet dosimetry purposes. Single crystals co-doped with 5.0 at.% of Ce³⁺ and 1.0 at.% of Dy³⁺ ions have two thermoluminescent (TL) peaks at 151 °C and 213 °C which can be sensitized after 1 h of UV exposure. The material shows very high TL output and linear response for UV spectral irradiance ranging from 0.04 to 1.20 mJ cm⁻², that corresponds to 10 times the TL response of the Al₂O₃:C oxides. From 0.62 to 148.0 mJ cm⁻² the dependence is linear with the logarithm of the spectral irradiance. The investigation demonstrates that LaAlO₃:Ce,Dy crystals are very attractive to be investigated as UV dosimeters.     

A new fractional finite volume method for solving the fractional diffusion equation

The inherent heterogeneities of many geophysical systems often gives rise to fast and slow pathways to water and chemical movement. One approach to model solute transport through such media is by fractional diffusion equations with a space–time dependent variable coefficient. In this paper, a two-sided space fractional diffusion model with a space–time dependent variable coefficient and a nonlinear source term subject to zero Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered.Some finite volume methods to solve a fractional differential equation with a constant dispersion coefficient have been proposed. The spatial discretisation employs fractionally-shifted Grünwald formulas to discretise the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives at control volume faces in terms of function values at the nodes. However, these finite volume methods have not been extended to two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems in a natural manner. In this paper, a new weighted fractional finite volume method with a nonlocal operator (using nodal basis functions) for solving this two-sided space fractional diffusion equation is proposed. Some numerical results for the Crank–Nicholson fractional finite volume method are given to show the stability, consistency and convergence of our computational approach. This novel simulation technique provides excellent tools for practical problems even when a complex transition zone is involved. This technique can be extend to two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems with complex regions.     

Generalized area operators on L^p（R^n）

We introduce the generalized area operators by using nonnegative measures defined on upper half-spaces R＋^n＋1. The characterization of the boundedness and compactness of the generalized area operator from LP（]Rn） to Lq（IRn） is investigated in terms of s-Carleson measures with 1 〈 p, q 〈 ＋∞. In the case of p = q = 1, the weak type estimate is also obtained.     

Telephone chip-cards as individual dosemeters

It has been observed that a certain type of telephone chip-card can be used as radiation detectors for individuals exposed to external gamma doses. The radiation dose responses of more than 200 chip-cards, produced by various companies since 1990, were investigated using infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL). The radiation dose responses of some of the chip-cards were found to be compatible with commonly used synthetic phosphors that are used for routine occupational dose monitoring. The IRSL signal is shown to be linear with a radiation dose from 250 mGy to 5 Gy and stable at ambient temperature, which allows the use of such chip-cards for reconstruction of doses for individuals.     

Performance of CR-39 with addition of DOP (dioctylphthalate) for fast neutron dosimetry

The ENEA fast neutron dosemeter is based on a planar poly allyl diglicol carbonate (PADC) placed in a polyethylene holder. The present paper reports the results of an experimental study of a CR-39^® material with the addition of 0.1% of dioctylphthalate (DOP) produced by the Italian company Intercast Europe S.p.A.

The etching procedure is: pre-etching with 40% KOH water solution 6.25 N and 60% ethyl alcohol at 70°C followed by 12 h of etching in 6.25 N KOH water solution. For the energy dependence of response, dosemeters have been irradiated with neutron sources (²⁴¹Am–Be, ²⁵²Cf, Pu–Li) and 14.9 MeV monoenergetic neutrons. The dosimetric performance of the material for fast neutrons is expressed in terms of sensitivity, background value, lowest detectable dose and energy dependence of response. Moreover, the results of a quality acceptance test of the material, performed on 11 sheets (980×980 mm², 1.4 mm thick) of the same production batch, are given. Therefore, the homogeneity of the neutron sensitivity and of the background signal within a sheet and the whole batch is considered. The results are compared with the acceptance test outcome for a CR39 standard material batch.