Crack buckling in soft gels under compression

Recent interest in designing soft gels with high fracture toughness has called for simple and robust methods to test fracture behavior. The conventional method of applying tension to a gel sample suffers from a difficulty of sample gripping. In this paper, we study a possible fracture mechanism of soft gels under uni-axial compression. We show that the surfaces of a pre-existing crack, oriented parallel to the loading axis, can buckle at a critical compressive stress. This buckling instability can open the crack surfaces and create highly concentrated stress fields near the crack tip, which can lead to crack growth. We show that the onset of crack buckling can be deduced by a dimensional argument com- bined with an analysis to determine the critical compression needed to induce surface instabilities of an elastic half space. The critical compression for buckling was verified for a neo-Hookean material model using finite element simulations.     

Static and dynamic analysis of side-mode suppression of widely tunable sampled grating DBR (SG-DBR) lasers

Side-mode suppression is an important issue for widely tunable laser design and applications. In this paper, we have developed a relatively simple algorithm to analyze side-mode suppression of widely tunable sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) lasers by using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) in combination with multimode rate equations. The dependence of gain spectrum on wavelength is also included in this model, and its effects on tuning characteristics of the devices are investigated for the first time. Static tuning characteristics and dynamic behaviors of wavelength switching are simulated. Results agree well with the experimental results reported.     

Electronic state observation of inner organic thin films beneath electrodes: Fluorescence-yield X-ray absorption spectra of pentacene derivative films

The electronic states of inner organic thin films have been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in a bulk-sensitive fluorescence-yield (FY) mode with theoretical analysis. The thin films of the synthesized pentacene derivative, i.e., 6,13-dihydrodiazapentacence (C₂₀N₂H₁₄), on SiO₂-covered Si substrates were fabricated and their morphology and crystallinity were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. The observed N K-edge FY-XAS spectra were different from the surface-sensitive XAS spectra measured in a partial-electron-yield (PEY) mode. The peaks on the FY-XAS spectra were well reproduced by the theoretical calculation of the unoccupied states of an HAPn molecule. In addition, the incident angle dependence of the FY-XAS spectra was consistent with the expected molecular orientation in the thin films. As a result, we successfully obtained the N and C K-edge FY-XAS spectra of the inner HAPn thin films even beneath Au electrodes.     

Coordinated Control of Multi-Agent Systems with a Varying-Velocity Leader and Input Saturation

In this paper, we investigate a leader-following tracking problem for multi-agent systems with bounded inputs. We propose a distributed bounded protocol for each follower to track a leader whose states may not be completely measured. We theoretically prove that each agent can follow the leader with estimable track errors. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.     

Structural and dynamical properties of water confined between two hydrophilic surfaces

The properties of water in the vicinity of surfaces and under confinement have been extensively studied because of the relevance of a quantitative understanding of many processes that not only take place in biological systems, like cells, membranes and microemulsions, but also in many others such as confined water in rocks, ionic channels and interestellar matter. In this work we perform molecular dynamic calculations of the nanoscopic structure of TIP5P model water confined between two hydrophilic surfaces. We calculate the diffusion coefficients and the atomic density profile of water molecules and polar ions in the system as a function of the number of water molecules per amphiphilic (n_W). We also study the dependence of the water layer thickness and the profiles of water dipole orientation with this parameter.     

外加电场法制备LiNbO3周期畴的反转电流特性研究

采用外加电场法制备了LiNbO₃单晶周期畴结构. 在对不同尺寸周期畴的反转电流进行比较研究的基础上,提出了一种确定反转畴成核时间和纵向贯穿速率的方法. 根据这一方法,得到在电场强度为25.1kV/mm,脉冲宽度为50 ms的脉冲方波作用下,LiNbO₃单晶反转畴的成核时间约为80ns,纵向贯穿速率约为0.1667m/s. 关键词： 3单晶周期极化')" href="#">LiNbO₃单晶周期极化 反转电流 反转畴成核时间 反转畴纵向贯穿速率     

关联可切换超混沌系统的构建与特性分析

利用拓展系统变量,增加系统的非线性函数和对原系统实施反混沌控制方法,构建了一类关联且有多种切换方式的超混沌系统,对这类系统的分岔图、平衡点的稳定性、Lyapunov指数和动力学行为的演化过程进行了分析.设计了实现切换超混沌系统的电路,利用开关的切换,一个电路能实现多个超混沌系统的功能. 关键词： 超混沌系统 切换 分岔图 Lyapunov指数     

不同脉冲重复频率下抽运方式对全光纤声光调Q激光器性能的影响

在不同初始边界条件下数值求解描述全光纤声光调Q双包层光纤激光器的速率方程,得到前向抽运结构和后向抽运结构下激光器上能级粒子数在增益光纤中的分布,以及脉冲能量、平均功率、脉宽、光纤中储能与脉冲重复频率、抽运合束器对信号光透过率、抽运功率的相互关系.从谐振腔内放大自发辐射光的产生影响谐振腔损耗的角度分析仿真结果,并实验验证两种抽运方式对输出脉冲功率和脉冲宽度的影响.结果表明：不同脉冲重复频率下抽运方式会对全光纤声光调Q激光器性能产生显著影响,为获得较好的脉冲输出性能,在重复频率较低 关键词： 光纤激光器 Q')" href="#">声光调Q 抽运方式     

二维液相色谱切换技术及其应用

多维液相色谱已成为复杂样品研究的重要工具。本文在介绍多维液相色谱原理与方法的基础上,重点讨论了二维液相色谱接口切换技术的近期发展,并对其应用现状进行了总结分析。     

时隙光分组交换网络中一种新的光缓存优化配置方案

研究了时隙光分组交换网中的光缓存配置方案,针对反馈共享式缓存结构,通过对传统的连续分布式光缓存结构中不同延迟粒度的光缓存丢包的分布情况仿真结果研究,发现在传统的连续分布式光缓存结构中,丢包主要发生在小粒度的光缓存上,为此,提出通过适当增加小粒度的光缓存的方法,达到有效地降低丢包率,仿真结果显示,这种光缓存方案可以明显降低节点的丢包率.