火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血浆代用品中钾和钠

本文报道了火争原子吸收光谱法测定血浆代用品中钾，钠，使用镧和氯化铯，消除了电离干扰和共存元素干扰，本法简便，快速，本法的准确度和精密度均令人满意。     

钠原子高里德伯态跃迁的模型势研究

应用我们提出的ｋ系数方法［物理学报，４２（１９９３），７２７］，使用最弱受约束电子势模型下的简单解析波函数，我们系统研究了钠原子高里德伯态（ｎ～４０）间跃迁的振子强度与辐射寿命，所得振子强度及辐射寿命与可得到的其他作者的结果作了比较，表明了结合ｋ系数校正的最弱受约束电子势模型方法对于研究Ｎａ原子的高里德伯态性质的有效性，并在各种节点校正下，得到了对应于各跃迁类的节点校正规则     

Effect of ultrasound on the synthesis of low-modulus zeolites from a metakaolin

It was studied the effect of ultrasonic processing (22 kHz) of the aqueous suspension of metakaolin, sodium hydroxide and alumina with a molar ratio 2Al₂Si₂O₇:12NaOH:2Al₂O₃ on the low-modulus zeolite synthesis processes. To investigate the XRD, SEM, IR, EDS had been used. It was shown that after ultrasonic processing, sodium aluminates are formed, what leads to a change in process of further synthesis. It was found that without ultrasonic processing on the stage of thermal treatment at 650 °C, SOD zeolite (|Na₆|[Al₆Si₆O₂₄]) and sodium aluminosilicate (Na₆Al₄Si₄O₁₇) are synthesized. In the sample after ultrasound during thermal treatment, only sodium aluminosilicates of cubic syngony (Na₆Al₄Si₄O₁₇ and Na₈Al₄Si₄O₁₈) are formed. It was demonstrated that sodium aluminosilicates are precursors for the formation of LTA zeolite (|Na₁₂|[Al₁₂Si₁₂O₄₈]). As a result zeolitization of sodium aluminosilicates after the hydrothermal crystallization in alkaline solution, the sonicated sample contained 97 wt% LTA. Without ultrasonic processing, the product of synthesis contained 50 wt% SOD and 40 wt% LTA.     

Influence of MgO on structure and optical properties of alumino-lithium-phosphate glasses

MgO doped lithium alumino phosphate glasses (PLA: P₂O₅+Li₂O+Al₂O₃+MgO) were prepared by melt quenching technique. Raman spectra display three significant peaks at 698, 1164 and 1383 cm⁻¹ attributed to: symmetric stretching vibrations of the bridging oxygen (BO) in the P–O–P chains, symmetric stretching vibrations of the PO₂ groups, and the asymmetric vibrations vas(PO₂) of the non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms, respectively. Also, the density, molar volumes and ion concentration have been discussed and correlated with the structural changes within the glassy matrix. Some optical constants such as refractive index and dispersion parameters (E_o: single-oscillator energy and E_d: dispersive energy) of the glasses were determined. Finally, the values of the optical band gap for direct and indirect allowed transitions have been determined from the absorption edge studies. It is deduced that the values of E_opt increase with increasing MgO content. It was assigned to structural changes induced from the formation of non-bridging oxygen. The Urbach energy (ΔE) was found to decrease from 0.578 to 0.339 eV with increasing MgO content from 0.5 to 2 mol.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定维生素C泡腾片中的甜蜜素

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)选择离子监测法(SIM),建立了准确可靠、灵敏度高、快速简便的测定维生素C泡腾片中甜蜜素含量的新方法.样品中的甜蜜素衍生后用有机试剂提取,在选择离子模式下进行测定,以保留时间和特征离子比例进行定性,单离子定量.甜蜜素的线性范围为0.05-10mg/L,检出限为0.6mg/kg,回收率为90.5%-96.9%,相对标准偏差小于4.4%.方法分析所用时间短,结果准确可靠,选择性好,适用于维生素C泡腾片中甜蜜素含量的检验.     

环境光对谷氨酸钠溶液近红外激光拉曼光谱的影响

探讨了环境光,对谷氨酸钠溶液的近红外激光拉曼光谱的影响。研究表明不同的环境光,自然光和室内荧光灯光,均会对近红外拉曼光谱产生不同的干扰效应,存在着特征谱峰,倒峰或尖锐正峰。虽干扰表现不同,但都有影响,不能忽略。建议在进行溶液近红外激光拉曼光谱检测时,须在暗室或暗罩中进行,以完全隔离环境光的影响。     

显微-反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究油酸钠与胶磷矿吸附机理

红外光谱已经成为浮选药剂作用机理研究的最重要手段之一。由于矿物本身具有较强的红外吸收,传统溴化钾压片透射光谱很难检测到矿物表面吸附药剂的微弱红外信号。采用显微-傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的反射模式,测定了不同浓度油酸钠在胶磷矿表面的吸附形式,并观察了吸附形貌。结果表明,与透射红外光谱相比,反射红外光谱对表面有更高的灵敏度,能更好地揭示实际浮选药剂浓度下的吸附机理。碱性条件下当油酸钠浓度较低时,油酸离子与表面晶格钙离子发生化学吸附,吸收峰在1 552 cm-1,同时也存在油酸钙沉淀的物理吸附,吸收峰在1 570和1 535 cm-1;当油酸钠浓度超过临界胶束浓度时,胶束使得胶磷矿表面亲水,导致油酸钠溶液残留在表面,吸收峰在1 560 cm-1,掩盖了其他吸收峰;表面经水洗涤后药剂吸收峰强度大幅减弱,是由于残留的油酸钠和物理吸附的油酸钙被洗掉。另外,随着油酸钠浓度增大,药剂二维形貌由点状吸附聚集为片状吸附,覆盖面积增大,但并不是完全覆盖,这与矿物表面异质性有关。以上研究结果有利于理解磷矿石提磷或铁矿石脱磷浮选体系中捕收剂与胶磷矿的作用机理。     

基于FTIR技术的酸牛奶营养成分快速检测方法研究

酸牛奶作为一种重要的发酵乳制品,伴随着发酵过程,其各种营养成分时刻发生着复杂的变化,因此,建立酸牛奶的快速高效检测技术可以实现对生产过程的实时监控,这也是食品安全监管要达到的重要目标。傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FTIR)因其快速、高通量、无化学污染、可对掺假成分予以分辨等特点被广泛应用于食品安全领域。以FTIR技术为核心,利用氟化钙薄膜法,将酸牛奶FTIR光谱图与其营养成分(能量值,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和钠含量)对照,建立了基于最小二乘法(PLS)的定量化预测模型。结果表明,该模型样品校正集的能量值,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和钠含量的交叉检验R2值分别达到0.938 9,0.926 6,0.918 6,0.941 8和0.977 1;该模型用于预测,其样品验证集的交叉检验R2值分别为0.920 5,0.905 3,0.908 5,0.939 3和0.936 4。由此可见,该模型对酸牛奶各营养指标均具有较好的预测准确性,在时间上具备较好的稳定性。不同于传统的化学检测方法,本研究为实现对酸牛奶品质的快速检测提供了一种较为可行的方法。该方法作为乳制品质量监控技术的一项初步探索,具有较好的应用前景。     

大口径氘化磷酸二氢钾晶体离线亚纳秒激光预处理技术

大口径氘化磷酸二氢钾(DKDP)晶体抗激光损伤性能偏低严重地制约着大型高功率激光装置输出水平.本研究利用离线亚纳秒激光预处理技术有效地提升了大口径DKDP晶体抗激光损伤性能.实际使用情况表明,采用离线亚纳秒激光预处理后,DKDP晶体在9 J/cm2激光通量辐照下的表面平均损伤密度得到大幅下降,由未处理前的5.02 pp...     

The Mössbauer spectrum of synthetic hureaulite: Fe5 2+(H2O)4(PO4H)2(PO4)2

The crystal structure of synthetic ferrous hureaulite, Fe₅ ²⁺ (H₂O)₄(PO₄H)₂(PO₄)₂, was refined from single-crystal X-ray data. It is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a=17.487(4), b=9.017(2), c=9.338(2) Å, β=96.27(3)°, V=1463.6(6) Å³, Z=4 and D _calc=3.327 g/cm³. This end member of the hureaulite series was crystallized under distinctly acidic conditions, by a method that gives perfect crystals, large enough for X-ray single crystal studies. The main feature of the hureaulite structure is that it has an equal number of normal (PO₄)³⁺ and acid (PO₄H)²⁺ tetradentate groups. These are centered on Fe²⁺ atoms and share corners with edge-linked octahedra, forming pentamer units. The five Fe²⁺ atoms are distributed on three distinct sites in these units. This can be directly observed in the Mössbauer spectrum at 295 K, which contains three doublets whose relative intensities correspond to the 1:2:2 distributions of crystallographic sites.