复合还原剂硼氢化钠/三氯化铁对亚砜的还原

硼氢化钠是一种温和、高选择性的亲核还原剂。一般它只能还原醛、酮和酰氯,而对其它功能团不起作用。因而其应用范围有一定的限制。据文献报道,某些金属卤化物能有效地提高硼氢化钠的还原性能^[1]。复合还原剂硼氢化钠/三氯化铁已应用于将β-二烷基氨基共轭烯酮还原为相应的饱和γ-氨基醇^[2]。本文研究了硼氢化钠/三氯化铁对亚砜的还原反应。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学研究进展

综述了近２０年来从事青藏高原新类型硼酸盐盐湖“盐卤硼酸盐化学”的研究进展。     

聚合物介质中盐离解行为的温度依赖性研究

<正> 近十年来尽管聚合物-盐复合物作为潜在的理想电解质材料已得到广泛研究,人们对于在象聚合物这样的高粘度介质中盐的离解行为仍缺乏了解。特别是关于盐离解度的温度依赖性,不同的作者对相似的体系曾得出截然相反的结论。最近,Angell和许康等相继通过不同研究途径证实了在上述介质中盐离解产生的自由离子数n随温度上升而下降,其趋势可由Arrhenius公式表示:     

铋(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹哪啶体系极谱行为——表面活性剂增敏机理和分析应用——Ⅱ.铋(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹哪啶络合物电极反应和十二烷基苯磺酸钠增敏机理

试验表明,铋(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹哪啶(8-OXQ)络合物(pHll,-0.60V)的峰电流(p)具吸附特性,为准可逆电极反应过程,其电子转移数(n),传递系数(α)及饱和吸附量(Γ_ο)分别为3,0.45,6.5×10~(-12) mol/cm~2。加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)未形成三元络合物,因SDBS的超载强烈吸附,引起诱导吸附,电双层结构激烈变化,而使电流峰形巨变,电流峰高(i_p)增大10余倍。讨论并指出SDBS对Bi(Ⅲ)与8-羟基喹啉(8-OX)及衍生物络合吸附电流增敏或抑制,与试剂组分、结构、解离态及络合物存在状态、电荷数、符号有关。     

羟基取代烷基苯磺酸盐界面扩张粘弹性质

研究了2-羟基-3,5-二癸基苯磺酸钠(C10C10OHphSO3Na)表面和正癸烷-水界面上的扩张粘弹性质, 考察了平衡时间对界面性质的影响. 研究结果表明, 羟基取代烷基苯磺酸钠具有十分特异的界面性质, 其扩张模量比一般表面活性剂大一个数量级, 达到平衡的时间较长, 形成的界面膜弹性较大. 界面张力弛豫测定结果表明, 平衡时界面上存在特征时间长达103 s的慢过程. 上述实验结果可能是由于羟基间形成氢键造成的.     

共振光散射方法研究钙存在下十二烷基苯磺酸钠的聚集行为

利用共振光散射技术在不引入探针的条件下,建立了室温下直接测定十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的方法.研究发现:在室温下,SDBS水溶液的共振光散射强度(RLS)随SDBS浓度的增加而增强;且当SDBS接近其临界胶束浓度时,RLS强度增强显著,共振光散射峰分别位于330和396 nm.396 nm处的RLS强度与SDBS浓度关系曲线呈S型曲线,本文将曲线突升起点处两条切线的交点对应的SDBS浓度,确定为SDBS的临界胶束浓度(CMC),这与荧光芘探针和电导率等方法测定结果基本一致.并利用此方法分别研究了Ca2+浓度对SDBS及其SDBS-聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP)复配体系聚集行为的影响.结果表明,SDBS与OP以1∶ 3复配时,增强了体系的抗钙能力.     

Sodium and potassium benzeneazophosphonate complexes with crown ethers: Solid-state microwave synthesis, characterization and biological activity

The eco-friendly synthesis, spectroscopic (IR, MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR) study and biological (cytostatic, antiviral) activity of sodium and potassium benzeneazophosphonate complexes, obtained by reaction in the solid state under microwave irradiation of the alkali salts of ethyl [α-(4-benzeneazoanilino)-N-benzyl]phosphonic acid and [α-(4-benzeneazoanilino)-N-4-methoxybenzyl]phosphonic acid with crown ethers containing 18-membered (dibenzo-18-crown-6 and bis(4′-di-tert-butylbenzo)-18-crown-6), 24-membered (dibenzo-24-crown-8) and 30-membered (dibenzo-30-crown-10) macrocyclic rings, have been described. The simple work-up solvent free reaction is an efficient green procedure for the formation of mononuclear crown ether complexes in which the sodium/potassium ion is bound to oxygen atoms of the macrocycle and the phosphonic acid oxygen. The free crown ethers, alkali benzeneazophosphonate salts and their complexes were evaluated for their cytostatic activity in vitro against murine leukemia L1210, murine mammary carcinoma FM3A and human T-lymphocyte CEM and MT-4 cell lines, as well as for their antiviral activity against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses. The investigated compounds showed no specific antiviral activity, whereas all the free crown ethers and their complexes demonstrated cytostatic activity, which was especially pronounced in the case of bis(4′-di-tert-butylbenzo)-18-crown-6 and its complexes.     

在NaCl溶液中以海藻酸钠为致孔剂制备快速温度响应型多孔聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶

用海藻酸钠为致孔剂,在NaCl水溶液中制备了多孔聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)水凝胶,分别用扫描电镜(SEM)和小角X光散射(SAXS)对PNIPAAm水凝胶的多孔结构进行了表征.结果发现,PNIPAAm水凝胶网络中的孔洞相互贯通,随着反应介质中NaCl浓度的增加,孔洞尺寸逐渐增大,孔洞排列越来越有序.相应地,PNIPAAm水凝胶的消溶胀速率随着反应介质中NaCl浓度的增加而提高.当NaCl浓度为0.6 mol/L时制备的PNIPAAm水凝胶,从室温处于平衡溶胀状态快速转移到45℃水介质中,1 min后凝胶的水保留率不足15%,4 min后消溶胀就达到平衡状态.     

Metal-to-Oxide Charge Transfer Observed by a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope

The charge transfer from a nanometer-sized transition metal particle to a catalyst support is thought to affect reactions over the metal surface. We propose the application of Kelvin probe force microscope, which is an extension of the atomic force microscope, to observe the charge transfer particle-by-particle. Our recent results on Na adatoms, Cl adatoms, Pt adatoms and particles, and Ni particles evaporated on TiO₂(110) are reviewed.     

Mild and efficient iodination of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds with the NaClO2/NaI/HCl system

NaClO₂/NaI in the presence of HCl is a mild, cheap, and non-toxic reagent for the iodination of phenols, including estradiol and naphthol, aromatic amines, and heterocyclic substrates, e.g., indoles, 8-hydroxyquinoline, imidazole, in fair to excellent yields by a very simple isolation protocol. The scope of the procedure is exemplified by the first iodination of 5-nitroindole to 3-iodo-5-nitroindole in 75% yield.