Analysis of thermo-mechanical behaviour of a crack using XFEM for Leak-before-Break assessments

The stresses near a crack which has a fluid escaping through it are presented in this paper. The pressure and heat flux, due to the fluid acting on the crack walls, are imposed as boundary conditions in a new finite element tool which has been developed specifically for Leak-before-Break. This special tool uses the extended finite element method to include information about the problem on a sub element level. It is shown to be as accurate as standard finite element models which use very refined meshes, but having the added benefit of being much quicker to implement, and vastly reducing postprocessing. This means that leak rates can be investigated more efficiently. The model is thermo-elastic, and plasticity is accounted for by a correction to the crack opening displacement based on the R6 method. Both crack opening area and peak stresses are shown to decrease when the walls of the crack are hotter than the background plate temperature. The consequences of this for Leak-before-Break assessments are discussed in the paper.     

Analysis of a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with ellipse–rhombus air core

A novel highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with small effective mode area is proposed. Four elliptical air-holes are designed in the internal layer of the fiber to cause the anisotropy, and the fiber has the property of highly birefringence and small effective mode area. The influences of elliptical air-holes on effective index, birefringence, effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient are analyzed by using full-vector finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show the birefringence can achieve the magnitude of 10⁻³ under the condition of d > 2.3 μm and a > 1.4 μm, which d and a are the distance and semimajor axis of elliptical air holes. By adjusting the parameters d and a, different effective mode area and nonlinear coefficient can be obtained, which demonstrates the flexibility of the proposed photonic crystal fiber.     

基于DHCP网络协议的人流密度Web监控系统设计

为了降低踩踏事件发生频率,设计并实现了基于DHCP 网络协议的人流密度Web监控系统,该系统通过DHCP网络协议将现场的人员图像实时传输给服务器,塑造了认证服务器和检测服务器,采用面向服务的架构以及依据角色访问控制相融合的技术管理监控人员的权限,监控人员依据不同的权限进入Web监控平台,Web监控平台实时的通过网络分析、控制、监控终端等模型监控和管理人员流动图像数据,并使用依据人员像素密度阀值的自主报警模块对人流密度进行报警,最终减少了人员踩踏事件的发生;采用该系统对某车站入口处监测点进行应用实验,在Matlab7.0平台上完成测试,实验时Web通信划分成外部干扰能够忽略和外部干扰不可忽略两种情况;仿真时间定为3 000 s,实验结果表明利用文章系统对人流密集区域监控的准确率达到97%左右,误差平均在3%左右,而传统设计误差在20%以上,表明文章系统的鲁棒性更强,更适合推广应用。     

Small target detection based on accumulated center-surround difference measure

Small target detection is a critical problem in the Infrared Search And Track (IRST) system. Although it has been studied for years, there are some difficulties remained due to the clutter environment such as the cloud edge and the horizontal line. In the homogeneous area such as sky, cloud-inner area and sea surface area, target can easily be detected, but in heterogeneous area which contains cloud edge, sky-sea line the target may be falsely detected. This paper proposes a novel method called accumulated center-surround difference measure to detect infrared small target in heavy clutter. Each pixel’s accumulated center-surround difference measure is computed by using sliding window manner. The measure can effectively distinguish target region and heterogeneous region. Experimental results show our method achieves better performance.     

A novel approach for crowd video monitoring of subway platforms

Crowd monitoring in a dense crowd scene has become an important and challenging topic in the field of video surveillance system. This paper proposes a novel crowd monitoring approach for subway platforms to address requirements in rail traffic management. Firstly, an improvement for Mixture Gaussian background modeling is presented to segment the crowd. In the process of feature extraction, the concept of the weighted area is proposed to solve the problem of the perspective of images. To deal with the issue of the occlusion between individuals, an improved gradient feature is developed in this paper. And then, Adaptive Boost classifier with the feature weighted area and the improved gradient is used to estimate the crowd density. Finally, the crowd is counted by the method of linear regression. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for crowd monitoring in real subway platforms.     

Limit Design in the Absense of a Given Layout: A Finite Element,Zero-One Programming Approach∗

Limit design in three dimensions is discussed and formulated as a constrained minimax problem in kinematic and geometric variables. A finite element discretization is proposed which, combined with piecewise linearization of the yield surfaces, reduces the minimum weight design to a pair of dual problems in linear mixed zero one programming. The relevant duality theory is shown to be useful for the theoretical frame of the mechanical problem. Various ways of reducing the number of variables and constraints are pointed out, in order to make available algorithms economically applicable to practical situations.     

Halocarbons in Aqueous matrices from the Rennick Glacier and the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

Aqueous matrices from Antarctica were analysed for three volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHCs): tetrachloromethane (CCl₄), trichloroethylene (C₂HCl₃) and tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄). The matrices analysed were snow from Rennick Nèvè and Rennick Glacier sampled during the Italian Expeditions of 1995/96 and 1996/97, respectively, and seawater, pack ice, sea-microlayer, subsuperficial water and freshwater, collected during the Italian Expedition of 1997/98. Extractions from the aqueous matrices were carried out in Antarctica (the laboratories of the Italian Base, Terra Nova Bay). Because of the critical space–time conditions in these laboratories, an extraction procedure was developed, suitable for large volumes of water (10?L), in order to combine the extraction of other classes of organic compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated pesticides) with those of our direct interest. The VCHC organic extracts were analysed in Italy by GC-ECD and GC-MS. The analyses confirmed the presence of the three halocarbons in Antarctica in quantities ranging from units to some dozens of nanograms per kilogram. The results were evaluated with respect to the local distribution of these compounds and their diffusion on a global scale.     

Fast printing of thin,large area,ITO free electrochromics on flexible barrier foil

Processing of large area, indium tin oxide (ITO) free electrochromic (EC) devices has been carried out using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing. By use of very fine high‐conductive silver grids with a hexagonal structure, it is possible to achieve good transparency of the electrode covered substrates and when used in EC devices switching times are similar to corresponding ITO devices. This is obtained without the uneven switching of larger areas, which is generally observed when using ITO because of its high‐sheet resistance. The silver electrode structures for 18 × 18 cm² devices can be processed at high speed (10 m/min) on PET by flexographic printing and the EC polymer ECP‐Magenta as well as a minimal color changing polymer MCCP by slot‐die coating, showing the potential for fast fabrication of large volumes of low‐priced flexible EC devices by use of R2R processing techniques. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013     

基于GIS技术的淹没区确定方法及虚拟现实表达

给出了基于数字高程模型的GRID结构,适合两种不同类型淹没区的计算方法,尤其是第2种"洪水淹没" 类型方法较有特色.对于采用本方法计算淹没区,准确性受地形图等高距大小、数字化采集精度、数字地面模型(DEM)高程精度以及格网间隔大小、像素探测分辨率等因素的影响.等高距越小,数字化跟踪误差越小,数字地面模型内插越密,格网跨度越短,探测分辨率越高,淹没区计算精度也就越好.空间数据总量及探测分辨率决定了整个算法模型的效率.最后,介绍了将淹没区范围采用OpenGL工具进行虚拟现实三维可视化所涉及的关键技术和方法.该方法在已完成的九五国家地方重大攻关项目所开发的<大型网络级水利防汛及流域规划动态管理信息系统>中得到实现.     

基于关联面积的变权组合预测方法及其应用

变权组合预测方法是一种应用非常广泛的组合预测方法,它能够有效提高组合预测方法的预测和拟合精度.为了提高拟合精度,利用各个单项预测方法与原始数据序列在两个相邻时刻的关联面积以及关联度,给出了一种确定变权组合预测模型变权重系数的方法.最后利用该变权重的组合预测模型建立了新疆建设兵团城镇化发展水平的变权组合预测模型,结果表明这类变权组合预测方法具有较高的预测和拟合精度.