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71.
In many atmospheric and earth sciences, it is of interest to identify dominant spatial patterns of variation based on data observed at p locations and n time points with the possibility that p > n. While principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly applied to find the dominant patterns, the eigenimages produced from PCA may exhibit patterns that are too noisy to be physically meaningful when p is large relative to n. To obtain more precise estimates of eigenimages, we propose a regularization approach incorporating smoothness and sparseness of eigenimages, while accounting for their orthogonality. Our method allows data taken at irregularly spaced or sparse locations. In addition, the resulting optimization problem can be solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers, which is easy to implement, and applicable to a large spatial dataset. Furthermore, the estimated eigenfunctions provide a natural basis for representing the underlying spatial process in a spatial random-effects model, from which spatial covariance function estimation and spatial prediction can be efficiently performed using a regularized fixed-rank kriging method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by several numerical examples. 相似文献
72.
含裂纹三点弯曲梁起始扩展的动态分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文利用高速摄影捕捉含裂纹三点弯曲梁在冲击下裂纹扩展过程,借助动态焦散线对裂纹尖端初始曲线范围内的应力第二不变量分布进行了试验研究,并通过Det.-准则对动载下裂纹起始扩展的条件和方向进行了分析。结果表明:裂纹扩展的实际方向与理论预测相一致;Det.-准则与焦散线相结合在动态断裂力学研究中具有广泛的使用价值 相似文献
73.
In this paper, the rheological properties of an extrudable cement-based paste are investigated by means of an original ram
extrusion apparatus (capillary rheometer). The experimental results indicate that a careful measurement of the die pressure
is necessary to obtain a realistic viscosity vs shear rate curve, as required in extrusion technology. In particular, it is
shown that the optimal test configuration is when the pressure measurement is made directly inside the rheometer die. By applying
this rheological methodology in steady-state conditions, it has been observed that the extrudable cement-based material here
evaluated obeys to a simple power–law equation, in the range of shear rates investigated, which are suitable for an industrial
extrusion process.
This paper was presented at the third Annual European Rheology Conference (AERC) held in Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, April
24–27, 2006. 相似文献
74.
Flow-induced fiber orientation and concentration distributions were measured in a concentrated fiber suspension (CFS) and a dilute one (DFS). The channel has a thin slit geometry containing a circular cylinder. In the previous work, many researchers have qualitatively studied fiber orientation and concentration distributions in injection-molded products of fiber-reinforced plastics. In the present work, however, they are quantitatively estimated by direct observation of fibers in the concentrated suspension flow. For the CFS, some fibers rotate in an expansion part between the channel wall and the circular cylinder, and the fiber orientation becomes almost random state. On the other hand, fibers are perfectly aligned along the flow direction owing to the elongational flow near the centerline downstream of the cylinder. The fiber concentration has a flat distribution except near the channel wall and the centerline. For the DFS a minimum in the fiber concentration distribution was clearly observed on the centerline, and two peaks beside the centerline and near the channel wall. This characteristic distribution is caused by the fiber-wall and fiber-cylinder interactions. It is found that the obstacle such as the circular cylinder in the channel significantly affects the fiber orientation downstream of the obstacle for the CFD, while it affects the fiber concentration distribution for the DFS. 相似文献
75.
76.
It is well-known that the HS method and the PRP method may not converge for nonconvex optimization even with exact line search. Some globalization techniques have been proposed, for instance, the PRP+ globalization technique and the Grippo-Lucidi globalization technique for the PRP method. In this paper, we propose a new efficient globalization technique for general nonlinear conjugate gradient methods for nonconvex minimization. This new technique utilizes the information of the previous search direction sufficiently. Under suitable conditions, we prove that the nonlinear conjugate gradient methods with this new technique are globally convergent for nonconvex minimization if the line search satisfies Wolfe conditions or Armijo condition. Extensive numerical experiments are reported to show the efficiency of the proposed technique. 相似文献
77.
Incorporating further information into the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator weights is investigated in this paper. We first prove that for a constant orness the minimax disparity model [13] has unique optimal solution while the modified minimax disparity model [16] has alternative optimal OWA weights. Multiple optimal solutions in modified minimax disparity model provide us opportunity to define a parametric aggregation OWA which gives flexibility to decision makers in the process of aggregation and selecting the best alternative. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed parametric aggregation method is illustrated with an application in metasearch engine. 相似文献
78.
谭泽光 《应用数学学报(英文版)》1998,14(1):96-105
1.ExtendedEntropyModelEntropymodelsarewidelyusedasaforecastingtechniqueinregionalplanning,see11]and[7].Theydescribeinacertainwaythemostprobablespatialinteractionandcanbeusedtoestimateorigin-destinationtripmatrices.Butthemodelsaretoosimple,soitisdifficulttomeetpracticalrequirements.HallefjordandJo..stenl2]putforwardthegeneralizationofthestandardentropymodels.Onthebasisofthisandaccordingtothedemandofthepredictionofthetripamountfortransportationplanning,wearriveatthefollowing:wherep,μandnarepo… 相似文献
79.
D. Han 《Applied Mathematics and Optimization》2002,45(1):63-74
The alternating direction method is an attractive method for solving large-scale variational inequality problems whenever
the subproblems can be solved efficiently. However, the subproblems are still variational inequality problems, which are as
structurally difficult to solve as the original one. To overcome this disadvantage, in this paper we propose a new alternating
direction method for solving a class of nonlinear monotone variational inequality problems. In each iteration the method just
makes an orthogonal projection to a simple set and some function evaluations. We report some preliminary computational results
to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Accepted 4 May 2001. Online publication 19 October, 2001. 相似文献
80.
本文研究了平面上的亚纯函数的奇异方向,利用Tsuji’s的第二基本定理和几个已有的关于函数增长性估计的引理,证明了平面上的零级亚纯函数至少存在一条T方向,这种方向直接以特征函数为比较函数,克服了Borel方向的定义中关于增长级不能为零的限制. 相似文献