全文获取类型
收费全文 | 473篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
国内免费 | 114篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 379篇 |
力学 | 10篇 |
数学 | 47篇 |
物理学 | 217篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 39篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有653条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
本文针对岩石力学研究中目前存在的问题和信息时代的要求, 提出了21世纪的智能岩石力学的新思想和研究内容。它是综合现有各种行之有效的方法, 系统研究岩石工程问题, 提高岩石力学解决复杂问题的准确性。 相似文献
93.
Diego Adolfo Santamaría Razo Luca Pallavidino Edoardo Garrone Francesco Geobaldo Emiliano Descrovi Angelica Chiodoni Fabrizio Giorgis 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(7):1225-1229
A sol-gel synthesis procedure based on the method proposed by Stöber et al. (J Colloid Interface Sci 26:302–315, 1968) has been adopted for the one-step preparation of mono-dispersed silica nanospheres. An excellent control of the particle diameter over a wide range is obtained by varying the amount of silicon alkoxide only, while the concentration of all other components is kept fixed: this allows the fabrication of artificial opals with a finely tuned and precisely predictable lattice parameter. 相似文献
94.
First-order line-mixing coefficients and model relaxation matrix element scaling factors have been obtained for allowed transitions in the ν3 band Q branch of CH4 broadened by H2, He, N2, O2, Ar, and CH4. The broadening, shifting, Dicke-narrowing, and line-mixing parameters are determined by simultaneous least-squares fitting of spectra at pressures from 0.014 to 66.66 kPa recorded with a high-resolution difference-frequency laser. These results confirm, improve, and extend a previous analysis of the lower pressure (?13.3 kPa) data [A.S. Pine, J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1992) 773] which yielded averaged coefficients of individually fit spectra where adjacent broadened lines are still partially resolved. 相似文献
95.
Summary In high-Z atoms, quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections are an important component in the theoretical prediction of atomic energy levels. The main QED effects in electronic atoms are the one-electron self-energy and vacuum-polarization corrections which are well known. At the next level of precision, estimates of the effect of electron interactions on the self energy and higher-order effects in two exchanged photon corrections are necessary. These corrections can be evaluated within the framework of QED in the bound interaction picture. For high-Z few-electron atoms, this approach provides a rapidly converging series in 1/Z for the corrections, which is the generalization of the well-known relativistic 1/Z expansion methods. This paper describes recent work on the effect of electron interactions on the self energy. The QED effects are particularly important for the theory for lithiumlike uranium where an accurate measurement of the Lamb shift has been made, as well as for numerous other cases where systematic differences appear between theory that does not include these QED effects and experiment. 相似文献
96.
We present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of 9-aminoanthracene (AA) on the reconstructed Au(1 1 1) surface. The bare Au(1 1 1) surface shows the herringbone reconstruction which is conserved upon deposition of the organic molecules. Most of the AA molecules are found to decorate the regions of fcc-stacking of the gold surface where a periodic linear arrangement is observed. The orientation of the long molecule axis of individual molecules is along the -directions of the Au substrate. In addition, for individual domains of the surface reconstruction, one of the three possible orientations is preferred. On substrate areas which exhibit a high step density, the steps are completely decorated by AA molecules. A detailed analysis of the STM images reveals that the molecules are located on top terrace levels. The fine structure of individual molecules on the terrace shows a clear dependence on the tunneling voltage and resembles the molecular orbitals of the free AA molecule. 相似文献
97.
Two series of di and trinuclear chlorodiorganotin(IV) complexes derived from bis- and tris-dithiocarbamate ligands have been prepared and structurally characterized. The dinuclear complexes 1-2 of the composition {(R2SnCl)2(bis-dtc)} (1, R = Me; 2, R = nBu) have been obtained from R2SnCl2 (R = Me, nBu) and the triethylammonium salt of N,N′-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylene-bis(dithiocarbamate). The trinuclear complexes 3-9 with the general formula {(R2SnCl)3(tris-dtc)} 3, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me; 4, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-iPr; 5, R = Me, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Bn; 6, R = nBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me; 7, R = nBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc- iPr; 8, R = nBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Bn; 9, R = tBu, tris-dtc = tris-dtc-Me) were prepared from R2SnCl2 (R = Me, nBu, tBu) and the potassium dithiocarbamate salts of (tris[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amine) (tris-dtc-Me), (tris[2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]amine) (=tris-dtc-iPr) and (tris[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]amine) (=tris-dtc-Bn). Compounds 1-9 have been analyzed as far as possible by elemental analysis, FAB+ mass spectrometry, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The solid state and solution studies showed that the dtc ligands are coordinated to the tin atoms in the anisobidentate manner. In all cases the metal centers are five-coordinate. The coordination geometry is intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedra with τ-values in the range of 0.32-0.53. For the members of each series characterized in the solid state by X-ray diffraction analysis, different molecular conformations were found. The crystal structures show the presence of C-H?Cl, C-H?S, C-H?π, S?Cl, S?S, Cl?Sn and S?Sn contacts. 相似文献
98.
In this work a novel unbreakable sol-gel-based in-tube device for on-line solid phase microextraction (SPME) was developed. The inner surface of a copper tube, intended to be used as a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) loop, was electrodeposited by metallic Cu followed by the self assembled monolayers (SAM) of 3-(mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (3MPTMOS). Then, poly (ethyleneglycol) (PEG) was chemically bonded to the -OH sites of the SAM already covering the inner surface of the copper loop using sol-gel technology. The homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the SAM and sol-gel coatings were examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and adsorption/desorption porosimetry (BET). The prepared loop was used for online in-tube SPME (capillary microextraction) of some selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as model compounds, from the aquatic media. After extraction, the HPLC mobile phase was used for on-line desorption and elution of the extracted analytes from the loop to the HPLC column. Major parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including the sample flow rate through the copper tube, loading time, desorption time and sample volume were optimized. For investigating the sorbent efficiency, four loops based on the copper tube itself, the copper tube after electrodeposition with Cu and the tubes with the SAMs and SAMs-sol-gel coating were made and compared. The SAMs-sol-gel coated loop clearly shows a prominently lead of at least 20-100 times of higher efficiency. The linearity for the analytes was in the range of 0.01-500 μg L(-1). Limit of detection (LOD) was in the range of 0.005-0.5 μg L(-1) and the RSD% values (n=5) were all below 8.3% at the 5 μg L(-1) level. The developed method was successfully applied to real water samples while the relative recovery percentages obtained for the spiked water samples were from 90 to 104%. The prepared loop exhibited long life time due to its remarkable solvent and mechanical stability. Different solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile and acetone were passed through the loop for many days and it was also used for more than 100 extractions/desorption of the selected analytes and no decrease in the peak areas was observed. 相似文献
99.
Structured mirror array for two-dimensional collimation of a chromium beam in atom lithography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Direct-write atom lithography,one of the potential nanofabrication techniques,is restricted by some difficulties in producing optical masks for the deposition of complex structures.In order to make further progress,a structured mirror array is developed to transversely collimate the chromium atomic beam in two dimensions.The best collimation is obtained when the laser red detunes by natural line-width of transition 7S3 → 7P40 of the chromium atom.The collimation ratio is 0.45 vertically(in x axis),and it is 0.55 horizontally(in y axis).The theoretical model is also simulated,and success of our structured mirror array is achieved. 相似文献
100.