东亚季风与东海赤潮

通过分析东亚夏季风在南海的爆发(南海夏季风)与东海赤潮之间的关系,发现南海夏季风爆发后的1～3周内,东海有一次赤潮过程.并对可能的机制进行了讨论,最后提出了利用东亚夏季风在南海的爆发来预报东海赤潮的思路.     

船运铁矿粉污染海冰反射光谱特征研究

国际防止船舶造成污染公约（MARPOL）中关于防止船舶垃圾污染的附则V规定,对含有海洋环境有害的物质（HME）的干燥残留物必须在适当的港口接收设施中排放,但因费用等因素影响,很多船只将废弃物直接抛弃于海洋中。散落于海冰表面的船运铁矿粉会污染海冰品质,并加速海冰融化,对海洋环境造成一定的污染。对铁矿粉污染海冰的光谱反射率特征的研究,能够为利用光学遥感影像进行海冰品质监测提供数据基础。通过现场测量覆盖不同面积比例铁矿粉颗粒的海冰和清洁海冰之间光谱特征差异,为港口附近铁矿粉污染的范围以及沉降量的估算提供参考和依据。该研究是在渤海海域天然海冰条件下进行的,获取并分析了不同污染程度的海冰光谱特征,探讨这些光谱特征与铁矿粉颗粒几何截面积比例的相关性。为了反演海冰表面铁矿粉面积比例,利用光谱矢量角余弦值和光谱吸收指数阈值法进行了海冰、铁矿粉端元提取,根据混合像元线性解混模型理论,建立基于特征光谱波段反射率值的海冰表面铁矿粉面积比例反演模型。所研究海冰表面铁矿粉面积比例分为0 （洁净海冰）,25.8%,37.2%,46.1%,52.1%,65.1%,72.5%,82.3%,92.3%,93.1%和100%（纯铁矿粉）等,数据采集波长范围350～2 500 nm。结果表明,利用1 460 nm波段处的吸收指数（SAI）进行海冰和铁矿粉端元提取效果最佳,反射率与铁矿粉面积在918～1 400,1 500～1 780和2 250～2 300 nm波段,相关系数都大于0.90,86%以上波段范围的反射率与铁矿粉面积的相关系数在0.90以上,91.75%以上的波段范围相关系数在0.80以上。选取1 610～1 630 nm波段的平均反射率估算铁矿粉面积比例,几何截面积较小的误差一般大于几何截面积较大的,在克服海冰背景反射率的影响下,比较精确地估算了海冰-铁矿粉像元中铁矿粉颗粒的几何截面积比例,平均反演精度达到94.23%。     

First Systematic Voltammetric Measurements of Cd,Pb, and Cu in Hydrofluoric Acid-Dissolved Siliceous Spicules of Marine Sponges: Application to Antarctic Specimens

Ultrasensitive Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry is used for the first time for the systematic determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in siliceous spicules of marine sponges; the procedure is performed directly in hydrofluoric acid solution, according to a procedure previously established in our laboratory, with the aim of demonstrating the feasibility of such measurements and to improve knowledge of heavy metal distribution in Porifera. The following Demospongiae species are considered: Sphaerotylus antarcticus, Haliclona sp., Kirkpatrickia coulmani, and Inflatella belli from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and Petrosia ficiformis from the Mediterranean Sea, Italy. The method shows a good accuracy; the analytical variability is approximately ±10% for all the metals studied and for all the measurements performed, showing a good repeatability of the method in consideration of low metal concentrations (order of tenths of µg g^?1 dry weight, i.e., of hundreds of ng L^?1 in the HF solution). In particular, the concentrations of heavy metals in the body of the sponge vary in the range 0.038–0.93 µg g^?1 dry weight (d.w.) for Cd, 0.024–0.52 µg g^?1 d.w. for Pb, and 0.32–1.3 µg g^?1 d.w. for Cu. Similar ranges of concentration were recorded in the oscula of S. antarcticus and I. belli. Heavy metal concentration in the spicules can vary within and between specimens and, in particular, siliceous spicules of Antarctic sponges show higher concentrations of Cd and Pb and lower concentrations of Cu than those from the Mediterranean.     

细胞内溶液的非理想性对细胞最优化低温保存程序的影响

为了对细胞的最优化低温保存方案提供理论预测,考虑细胞内溶液为非理想溶液,建立了一个新的胞内冰晶成核与生长模型.与基于修正的Mazur方程的理想溶液模型相比,新模型进一步耦合了Fahy的水输运方程与冰晶成核、扩散控制的冰晶生长理论.使用改进后的胞内冰模型详细研究了以甘油为低温保护剂的老鼠卵细胞的冷冻过程.通过比较分析两种模型下降温速率、初始甘油浓度对胞内溶液体积、胞内冰晶体积份额等的影响,我们得出较低的降温速率下,两种模型预测的结果具有比较显著的差异,而高降温速率条件下,两种模型预测的结果一致.     

Synthesis and application of vinylpyridine containing ion‐imprinted copolymer gel microbeads for Cu(II) solid‐phase extraction

The influence of polymer matrix on the extraction efficiency for Cu(II) and selectivity against metal ions such as Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) of Cu(II) imprinted copolymer gels was described. The functional monomers investigated include the weakly basic 4‐vinylpyridine (4‐VP) and its mixure with the acidic and hydrogen binding methacrylic acid. Copolymer gels were prepared by dispersion cross‐linking copolymerization using Cu(II)–4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol complex, Cu(II), or 4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol as templates. The chemical structure and morphology of the Cu(II)‐imprinted microbeads are defined using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Extraction efficiencies of newly synthesized sorbents were studied by batch procedure. The prepared copolymer gel with 4‐VP as monomer and Cu(II)–4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol complex has higher capacity and selectivity toward Cu(II) than the copolymer gels prepared using the mixture of methacrylic acid and 4‐VP. This new sorbent can be used as an effective SPE material for the highly selective preconcentration and separation of Cu(II) in sea water samples. It shows high mechanical and chemical stability.     

Wrapped weighted exponential distributions

We have developed a new class of circular distributions named wrapped weighted exponential distributions. The estimation of unknown parameters along with some characteristics of these distributions is also investigated. Some theorems that relate the distribution to some other circular distributions are established and we clarify their modeling potential using a classical data set on movements of sea stars.     

高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析海产品中的甲基汞

建立了高效液相色谱-紫外消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用测定海产品中甲基汞的方法, 比较了不同溶剂对海产品中甲基汞提取效率的影响. 实验采用质量分数25% (m/V) KOH甲醇溶液, 室温振荡10 h消解样品, CH2Cl2萃取, 再以0.01 mol/L Na2S2O3水溶液反萃取, 并采用HPLC-UV-HG-AFS测定鱼和扇贝萃取液中的甲基汞的含量. 在优化分离和前处理条件下, 平行进样5次10 ng/mL的汞混合标准溶液, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为4.4%、 3.9%和4.3%, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的检出限分别为0.069、 0.15和0.046 ng/mL;鱼和扇贝的甲基汞的加标回收率为96±5%和95±5%.     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海贝中锌

以硝酸和过氧化氢作为消解体系,采用微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对4种海贝中微量锌进行测定,在优化的试验条件下,荧光强度与锌的质量浓度在600μg·L~(-1)以内的浓度范围内呈线性关系。检出限(3s/k)为0.66μg·L~(-1)。应用此法分析了4种海贝样品,并以此4种样品为基体做加标回收试验,回收率在92.2%～101.9之间。     

自旋冰材料R2Ti2O7（R=Dy，Ho）的单晶生长和低温物性研究

本文首先对R2Ti2O7（R=Dy,Ho）单晶的生长条件进行了探索,经过多次尝试,得到了较理想的生长条件,并获得了高品质的单晶．磁化率和比热测量证实了这些单晶材料具有自旋冰基态．另外,通过对不同条件下退火的Dy2Ti2O7单晶低温热传导的深入研究,发现R2Ti2O7单晶具有较小的声子峰,并且退火条件的变化对峰值的影响很...