格上度量理论

通过对格上两种度量理论,即M．A．Erceg意义下的度量理论与史福贵意义下的度量理论的介绍与评述,展现出格上拓扑学中有关度量理论发展的概况,从这里可以看到,这一般拓扑学听度量理论比较,格上度量理论的研究有基本思想和研究方法上都有其独到之处。     

An Error in Variables Method for Determining the Implicit Penultimate Copolymerization Ratios by On‐Line Monitoring of Reactions

Summary: In copolymerization systems with implicit penultimate effect, there are two radical reactivity ratios, s_a and s_b, which influence the reaction kinetics in addition to the monomer reactivity ratios, r_a and r_b, which govern the copolymer composition. Here, an error in variables method has been developed to determine s_a and s_b. It is based on continuous on‐line monitoring of the polymerization process, where monomer and polymer concentrations are measured through the monitoring of two independent properties of the system. The ratios and the corresponding χ² values were found by taking into account errors emanating from measurements and from calibration of the instruments. It is shown that the kinetic data allows both ratios to be found if both monomer reactivity ratios are less than one. If the system is near ideality (r_ar_b ≅ 1) or if both reactivities are greater than one, only an average radical reactivity ratio, , can be reliably determined.

The 2σ confidence contours for the 3 individual experiments. The reactivity ratios are r_a = 0.5, r_b = 0.2, s_a = 0.3, s_b = 0.4. For clarity the contours are plotted as functions of 1/s_a and 1/s_b.     

A new type of C -numerical range arising in quantum computing

We consider a new type of numerical range motivated by recent applications in quantum computing. We term the object of interest local C -numerical rangeW_loc(C, A) of A. It is obtained by replacing the special unitary group in the definition of the C -numerical range by the so-called local subgroup of SU (2^N ), i.e. by the N -fold tensor product SU (2) ⊗ · · · ⊗ SU(2) of unitary (2 × 2)-matrices. First, it is shown that the local C -numerical range has rather unusual geometric properties compared to the ordinary one, e.g. it is in general neither star-shaped nor simply connected. Then two numerical algorithms, a Newton and a conjugate gradient method on the Lie group SU (2) ⊗ · · · ⊗ SU (2), are demonstrated to maximize the real part of W_loc(C, A) which also gives a Euclidean measure of the so-called pure-state entanglement in quantum computing. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Poly(4‐vinylbenzoyl azide): A New Isocyanato Group Generating Polymer

4‐Vinylbenzoyl azide was synthesized from p‐vinylbenzoic acid and polymerized by free radical polymerization. The obtained polymer contained acyl azide groups which were thermally transformed to the corresponding isocyanato groups. Reactions on these polymers with ethanol, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 1‐pyrenebutanol proceeded quantitatively. Time‐resolved FT‐IR studies of the reactions with ethanol were carried out by varying the concentration and temperature. The effect of the solvent polarity on the Curtius rearrangement was investigated.

     

在粘性流体中船行波的速度场

从Navier-Stokes方程出发,导得了水上运动物体船行波的波高和水平速度二重积分的表达式.其次采用Lighthill两步法将上述的积分表达式化为代数表达式.与海水作为理想流体所得的结果相比,消除或减弱了原有的奇性,提高了船行波的数字资料的精度.     

大规模生长定向排列多壁碳纳米管工艺研究

研究了大规模生产定向排列多壁碳纳米管的工艺.研究结果表明控制工艺参数,可以大幅度提高定向排列多壁碳纳米管的产率,使其达到用载体催化剂制造碳纳米管的水平.     

Evolution and Operating Experiences with Different Drop‐On‐Demand Systems

Summary: We describe the development of different drop‐on‐demand systems particularly for applications for the liquid handling of biopolymers. Different designs of drop‐on‐demand systems developed by the authors are described. Experiments with these systems show the applicability for pipetting different liquids with different properties. Commercially available systems are also tested. A comparison of the different approaches leads to a discussion of the best fields of application of the different approaches or, alternatively, to the potential further development of the drop‐on‐demand technologies.

Principle setup of the print heads.     

Monte Carlo Investigation of Adsorption Stage of O on Ru（0001）：a Study of a Lattice Model

The adsorption of O on Ru(0001) is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation of lattice gas model on a triangular lattice. A recent STM study shows that at low coverage the p(2×2) structure grows via island formation but the p(2×1) structure is abruptly formed at a critical coverage. Moreover, it also shows that there is a coexistence of the p(2×2) and p(2×1) structures. The above results seem not to coincide with the former studies of the system by both the LEED and Monte Carlo simulation. We therefore carried out the Monte Carlo study for the system again in the present paper and found that our simulation almost agrees with the results of the STM.     

不同重力下窄通道内薄材料表面的火焰传播

在常重力下模拟微重力燃烧对载人航天器的火灾安全具有重要意义.窄通道就是这样一种可以有效限制自然对流的模拟设施.但是,不同重力下火焰传播的相似性仍然是有待研究的问题.本文用实验和数值模拟的方法,比较了不同重力下有限空间内热薄材料表面的逆风传播火焰.不同重力下火焰形状和火焰传播速度的比较表明,1cm高的水平窄通道可以有效地限制自然对流,在常重力下用这种通道能够模拟微重力下相同几何尺寸的通道中的火焰传播.因此,在地面上首先利用水平窄通道,模拟相同环境中的微重力火焰传播,然后考虑通道尺寸变化对火焰传播的影响,有可能成为地面模拟其他尺寸的空间中的微重力燃烧的方法.