量子阱层和垒层具有不同Al组分的270/290/330nm AlGaN基深紫外LED光电性能

为了研究AlGaN量子阱层和垒层中Al组分不同对AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管(LED)光电性能的影响,本文利用MOCVD生长、光刻和干法刻蚀工艺制备了AlGaN量子阱层和垒层具有不同Al组分的270/290/330nm深紫外LED,通过实验和数值模拟计算方法发现,量子阱层和垒层中具有低Al组分紫外LED的AlGaN材料具有较低的位错密度、较高的光输出功率和外量子效率。通过电流-电压(I-V)曲线拟合出的较大的理想因子(3.5)和能带结构图表明,AlGaN深紫外LED的电流产生是隧穿机制占据主导作用,这是因为高Al组分AlGaN量子阱中强极化场造成了有源层区域较大的能带弯曲和电势降。     

Hyperbolic Polygons and Real Schottky Groups

In a work due to Aigon and Silhol (also Buser and Silhol) a construction of 10 genus two closed Riemann surfaces is done from a given right angled hyperbolic pentagon. In this note we construct real Schottky groups uniformizations of the corresponding constructions. In particular, we are able to write down the algebraic curves obtained in the above work in terms of the parameters of the real Schottky group. We generalize such a construction for any right angled hyperbolic polygon and also consider an example for a nonright angled pentagon in the last section.     

InGaN/GaN多量子阱LED载流子泄漏与温度关系研究

通过测量光电流,直接观察了InGaN/GaN量子阱中载流子的泄漏程度随温度升高的变化关系。当LED温度从300K升高到360K时,在相同的光照强度下,LED的光电流增大,说明在温度上升之后,载流子从量子阱中逃逸的数目更多,即载流子泄漏比例增大。同时,光电流的增大在激发密度较低的时候更为明显,而且光电流随温度的增加幅度与激发光子的能量有关。用量子阱-量子点复合模型能很好地解释所观察到的实验现象。实验结果直接证明,随着温度的升高,InGaN/GaN量子阱中的载流子泄漏将显著增加,而且在低激发密度下这一效应更为明显。温度升高导致的载流子泄漏增多是InGaN多量子阱LED发光效率随温度升高而降低的重要原因。     

Investigation on slot-die coating of hybrid material structure for OLED lightings

With an attempt to fabricate large-area OLED lighting panels, we investigate slot-die coating of a small molecule (SM) hole transport layer (HTL). It is observed that SM HTL films formed by spin coating exhibit pinhole-like surface, whereas the films by slot-die coating show micro-sized hillocks due to agglomeration. As the plate temperature of the slot coater is increased, smaller hillocks appear more densely. To tackle it, a small amount of a polymer HTL is added into the SM HTL (Hybrid HTL). By the aid of entangled polymer chains, small molecules are prohibited from migrating and thus agglomerations disappear. The peak-to-peak roughness of the slot-coated hybrid HTL films is measured to be about 11.5 nm, which is slightly higher than that (~7 nm) of the polymer HTL film, but much lower than that (~1071 nm) of the SM HTL film. Similar results are also observed in spin-coated films. It is also addressed that OLED with the hybrid HTL shows higher luminous efficacy, compared to OLED with the SM HTL or the polymer HTL. We have further demonstrated that the dissolution problem occurring between two stacked layers with different solvents during slot-die coating can be suppressed to a great extent using such a combination of materials in hybrid structure.     

Newton trajectories for the tilted Frenkel–Kontorova model

ABSTRACT

Newton trajectories are used for the Frenkel–Kontorova model of a finite chain with free-end boundary conditions. We optimise stationary structures, as well as barrier breakdown points for a critical tilting force were depinning of the chain happens. These special points can be obtained straight forwardly by the tool of Newton trajectories. We explain the theory and add examples for a finite-length chain of a fixed number of 2,?3,?4,?5 and 23 particles.     

Synthesis and characterization of intrinsic high‐barrier polyimide derived from a novel diamine monomer containing rigid planar moiety

A new diamine monomer containing rigid planar fluorenone moiety, 2,7‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐one, was synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction. Then it was reacted with pyromellitic dianhydride to obtain a polyimide (FOPPI) via a conventional two‐step polymerization process. The prepared FOPPI exhibits excellent barrier properties, with the oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate low to 3.2 cm³·m^?2·day^?1 and 2.9 g·m^?2·day^?1, respectively. The results of wide angle X‐ray diffractograms, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the excellent barrier properties of FOPPI are mainly ascribed to the crystallinity, high chain rigidity, and low free volume, which are resulted from the rigid planar moiety. FOPPI also shows outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties with a glass transition temperature up to 420 °C, 5% loss temperature of 607 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.28 ppm K^?1, and tensile strength of 150.8 MPa. The polyimide has an attractive potential application prospect in the flexible electronics encapsulation area. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 2373–2382     

Lower bound for the ratios of eigenvalues of Schrödinger with nonpositive single‐barrier potentials

Horváth and Kiss (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 2005) proved the upper bound estimate for Dirichlet eigenvalue ratios of the Schrödinger problem ?y^′′ + q(x)y = λy with nonnegative and single‐well potential q. In this paper, we prove that if q(x) is a nonpositive, continuous, and single‐barrier potential, then for λ_n > λ_m≥ ? 2q^?, where . In particular, if q(x) satisfies the additional condition , then λ₁ > 0 and for n > m ≥ 1. For this result, we develop a new approach to study the monotonicity of the modified Prüfer angle function.     

Monodisperse Six-Armed Starbursts based on Truxene-Cored Multibranched Oligofluorenes: Design,Synthesis, and Stabilized Lasing Characteristics

A series of monodisperse six-armed conjugated starbursts ( Tr1F , Tr2F , and Tr3F ) containing a truxene core and multibranched oligofluorene bridges capped with diphenylamine (DPA) units has been designed, synthesized, and investigated as robust gain media for organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs). The influence of electron-rich DPA end groups on their optoelectronic characteristics has been discussed at length. DPA cappers effectively raise HOMO levels of the starbursts, thus enhancing the hole injection and transport ability. Solution-processed electroluminescence devices based on the resulting six-armed starbursts exhibited efficient deep-blue electroluminescence with clear reduced turn-on voltages (3.2–3.5 V). Moreover, the resulting six-armed molecules showed stabilized electroluminescence and amplified spontaneous emission with low thresholds (27.4–63.9 nJ pulse⁻¹), high net gain coefficients (80.1–101.3 cm⁻¹), and small optical loss (2.6–4.4 cm⁻¹). Distributed feedback OSLs made from Tr3F exhibited a low lasing threshold of 0.31 kW cm⁻² (at 465 nm). The results suggest that the construction of truxene-centered six-armed conjugated starbursts with the incorporation of DPA units can effectively enhance EL properties by precisely regulating the HOMO energy levels, and further optimizing their optical gain properties.     

Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 6-Alkynyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoximes: Access to First-in-Class 6-Alkyl-3-Fluoro-2-pyridinaldoxime Scaffolds as New Reactivators of Sarin-Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase with Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability

Novel 6-alkyl- and 6-alkenyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoximes have been synthesised by using a mild and efficient chemoselective hydrogenation of 6-alkynyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoxime scaffolds, without altering the reducible, unprotected, sensitive oxime functionality and the C−F bond. These novel 6-alkyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoximes may find medicinal application as antidotes to organophosphate poisoning. Indeed, one low-molecular-weight compound exhibited increased affinity for sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and greater reactivation efficiency or resurrection for sarin-inhibited hAChE, compared with those of 2-pyridinaldoxime (2-PAM) and 1-({[4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio]methoxy}methyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium chloride (HI-6), two pyridinium salts currently used as antidote by several countries. In addition, the uncharged 3-fluorinated bifunctional hybrid showed increased in vitro blood–brain barrier permeability compared with those of 2-PAM, HI-6 and obidoxime. These promising features of novel low-molecular-weight alkylfluoropyridinaldoxime open up a new era for the design, synthesis and discovery of central non-quaternary broad spectrum reactivators for organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterases.