塑料注射充模流变过程的高速摄影研究

塑料注射成型是加工热塑性塑料的一种主要方法。注射过程中,塑料在注射机料筒和模具中经历着复杂的运动和变化过程,直接影响到充模的过程,和塑料制品的微观、细观、宏观结构(取向、结晶、熔合均匀性等),从而影响到塑料制品的物理—机械性能。所以充模过程是注射成型的核心过程。 本文采用透明模实验装置,对多种模具型腔的注射充模流变过程进行了高速摄影研究。文中介绍了试验装置、光路系统,以及摄影结果,并采用影片运动数据分析处理系统,对园形模腔的充模流变过程进行了定量动态分析,研究了充模流变过程的运动规律。这对完善塑料注射成型工艺的基础理论,摆脱了目前生产中经验式和技艺式处理问题的工作方法,对减少模具设计和工艺参数确定过程中的盲目性具有重要的意义。     

Automatic equipment for photographing moving objects in the sea

A project was undertaken to construct and build automatic equipment for photographing moving objects (fish) in the sea. An acoustic echo sounder was used to transmit and receive echo signals. By analysing the received echo strength it was possible to take pictures when the object was near the centre of the echo sounder beam. The test series taken showed fish in over 90% of the pictures, and in most of these one or more fish could be seen near the centre.     

散斑照相术的三维位移正确分离方法及应用

本文针对散斑照相术中存在的三维位移分离问题进行了详细讨论.利用散斑杨氏条纹图的基本特性和物体变形的连续性提出了正确分离三维位移的方法.使得散斑照相术在三维变形测量方面得到了进一步完善.最后给出了 CMO620型车床主轴的三维热变形结果.     

高速频闪摄影在空气变形技术研究中的应用

变形纱具有较好的仿短纤纱外观,其织物仿毛、仿麻、仿丝绸性能良好。空气变形技术的研究始于五十年代美国杜邦公司,瑞士、西德、捷克等国的有关研究也发展迅速。多年来我国变形技术也有很大发展。引进了多种变形机,也仿造和研制了变形机。现在,随装饰布和服装面料的发展,对开发化纤新产品提出了新的要求,变形技术从加工中粗袋丝发展到细袋丝,其关键部件变形机的喷嘴研制已成为重要课题。近年来,从我院实际条件出发,将高速频闪摄影应用于化学纤维的空气变形加工研究,对实验喷嘴形状加工进行了研究,对摄影参数和光源使用,结合纺纱工艺进行了一系列试验,其图象记录揭示:丝条在喷嘴内的“波浪式”前进,丝条的非均匀开松,单丝的相互交缠以及丝条变形圈结的运动,在一定条件下有其一定的规律性。这对于深入分析化纤成纱变形机理、改进喷嘴结构设计和提高化纤纱的质量均有积极意义。     

Autoadaptative sequential injection system for nitrite determination in wastewaters

A novel autoadaptative sequential injection system for the analysis of nitrite is described. The automatic determination uses a direct spectrophotometric method, based on the Griess-Ilosvay reaction. In this method the absorbance of the purple azo dye formed is measured at 555 nm. In the sequential injection operation, the sample and the reagent are aspirated and mixed by reverse flow. The sequencing and overlapping of stacked (reagent) zones as well as selection of volumes have been studied in detail. The proposed analytical system is intelligent, simple and robust, allowing for nitrite determination in a double concentration range, by a simple and automatic programmable operation change. These two ranges are 0.0-3.0 and 0.0-20.0 ppm with detection limits being 0.048 and 0.4 ppm, respectively. Next surroundings have been developed allowing autocalibration and independent monitoring of nitrite concentration. The experimental set-up has been evaluated applying it to real samples analysis of very diverse concentration samples coming from a WWTP. The throughput of the method was 12 samples per hour.     

Plasma and beam facility atomic oxygen erosion of a transition metal complex

Glassy residues of the complex bis(N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamino)zirconium(IV), Zr(dsp)₂, on glass slides were exposed to atomic oxygen in a plasma asher or an atomic beam facility for various amounts of lime in order to study the erosion process, determine the rate of erosion, and learn the chemical identity of the residue. The exposed films were characterized by weight loss, optical photography, profilometry, diffuse reflectance and total transmittance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry (WDS), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate that these films erode much more slowly polyimide (Kapton) film under identical conditions, that the erosion is very nonuniform, and that zirconium dioxide is the predominant product after extended exposure. This complex is currently being evaluated as a polymer additive.     

用于野外大口径火炮炮口弹丸姿态摄影的“激光高速摄影系统”

在大口径火炮发射瞬间,弹丸在炮口投飞行时,具有较高的飞行速度,并同时伴有强烈的炮口焰这就给弹丸炮口姿态的摄影带来困难。我们研制的“YDS激光高速摄影系统”可以排除强烈的炮口焰的干扰,拍摄下弹丸在炮口段飞行姿态的连续分幅照片,由于分幅是依靠调Q激光脉冲来分幅的,光脉冲宽度很窄,画幅曝光时间极短,故拍摄的高速飞行物体的照片相当清晰。 本文介绍了用于野外大口径火炮炮口弹丸姿态摄影的“YDS激光高速摄影系统”的组成,工作原理、组成摄影系统的各设备的作用,并扼要介绍了初步试验结果。     

基于智能手机摄影的接触角测量实验

建立了一种基于智能手机摄影测量接触角的简便方法，使用附加近摄镜的智能手机对固体表面的液滴进行拍摄，对图片进行测量和计算即可测得其接触角。该方法简单廉价，较为准确，可用于研究表面活性剂对接触角的影响，亲水和疏水表面对接触角的影响等。使用该方法可以在物理化学实验、精细化工实验等课程中引入接触角相关实验，增进学生对接触角概念的理解。     

气相爆轰波绕射流场显示研究

采用基于红宝石激光器（波长694.3 nm）的纹影系统,对气相爆轰波绕射进行了初步的流场显示研究。采用单色激光和合适半带宽（15 nm）的滤光片,有效地消除了爆轰波自发光对流场显示的影响。合理设置激光器同步控制系统的触发延时,得到了序列的爆轰波阵面纹影照片。结果表明:图像清晰地显示了爆轰波阵面的诱导激波、横波及化学反应区。当爆轰波在左尖点处绕射,受稀疏波作用,诱导激波与化学反应区明显分离,导致爆轰波衰减为爆燃。分离的诱导激波和折皱的化学反应区在纹影图上清晰可见。诱导激波在垂直支管右壁面反射,诱导二次起爆。畸变爆轰波在水平和垂直支管中均发生马赫反射。提高初压,爆轰波受分叉口几何属性的影响减小,畸变爆轰波在水平和垂直支管下游较易恢复为自持爆轰波。     

Detection of coloured tracks of heavy ion particles using photographic colour film

A photographic colour film, which was exposed to heavy ions, reveals a coloured dye image of the ion tracks. Since the colour film consists of several layers and different colours appear on each layer, three-dimensional information on the tracks in the layers can be obtained by the colour image. Previously, we have reported the method for which the tracks in different colours represented differences of track depth and we also discussed the disadvantages of using commercial colour films. Here we present the procedure for a self-made photographic coating and the development formula which can overcome the disadvantages.