一种新型聚芳醚酮的热致液晶行为

聚芳醚酮具有优异的耐热性和环境稳定性 ,作为特种工程塑料在宇航、军工等高技术领域得到了广泛的应用 [1 ] .但其熔融温度较高 ,熔体粘度较大 ,在加工中存在一定困难 .热致液晶高分子 ( TLCP)具有较低的粘度 ,复合在热塑性高分子基体中的 TL CP在剪切力或拉伸应变流的作用下发生取向、变形成纤 ,其强度比热塑性基体高 1～ 2个数量级 ,另外 TL CP微纤提供了极大的纤维粘附表面积 ,因此 ,TL CP与聚合物共混具有广阔应用前景 .本文通过联苯二酚、 2 -叔丁基 - 1 ,4-对苯二酚与 4,4′-二氟二苯酮的亲核取代反应合成了一种具有热致液晶性…     

Zur Erweiterung des abbildbaren Objektumfangs bei Aufnahmen mit γ–Strahlung 3. Mitteilung: Das Masken–Kopierverfahren

Aufnahmen mit Röntgen- oder γ-Strahlung besitzen wegen groβer Dickenunterschiede des Prüfobjekts oft einen zu groβen Bildumfang. Um den Gesamtkontrast zu mildern und dabei kleine Schwärzungsdifferenzen zu belassen bzw. zu verstärken, kann das Masken-Kopierverfahren eingesetzt werden. Die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens zeigt, daβ die Reproduktionen höhere Detailerkennbarkeiten besitzen. Das Verfahren ist ohne groβen technischen und zeitlichen Aufwand durchzuführen.     

On testing of charpy specimens using the one-point bend impact technique

This paper reports our methodology and results for the assessment of the dynamic fracture energy of notched Charpy A508 steel specimens. The fracture tests consist of one-point bend impact applied to the specimen in contact with an instrumented bar. Fracture is caused by the inertia of the unsupported specimen only. The fracture energy is determined from the incident, reflected and single wire fracture gage signals. High-speed photographic recordings show that for all the specimens investigated in the “lower shelf” temperature regime, fracture occurs relatively early and prior to “taking off” of the bar by rigid body motion. It also confirms that the fracture gage readings indeed coincide with the formation of a crack from the notch tip. The present methodology is relatively easy to implement, and it allows the investigation of the fracture properties of materials at loading rates (and velocities) that are substantially higher than those achieved in a conventional Charpy test. Moreover, this test is attractive for modeling purposes since its boundary conditions are simple and well defined.     

Schlieren “PIV” for turbulent flows

The possibility of using commercial PIV equipment combined with schlieren optics to measure the velocity fields of turbulent flows is explored. Given a sufficiently high Reynolds number and adequate refractive flow differences, turbulent eddies can serve as the PIV “particles” in a schlieren image or shadowgram. The PIV software analyzes motion between consecutive schlieren or shadowgraph frames to obtain velocity fields. Velocimetry examples of an axisymmetric sonic helium jet in air and a 2D turbulent boundary layer at Mach 3 are shown. Due to optical path integration, axisymmetric flows require the inverse Abel transform to extract center-plane velocity data. Conditions for optimum schlieren sensitivity are examined. In its present embodiment, “schlieren PIV” is not useful for laminar flows nor for fully 3D flows. Otherwise it functions much like standard PIV under conditions where individual particles are not resolved and velocimetry is instead based on correlation of the motion of turbulent structures. “Schlieren PIV” shows significant promise for general refractive turbulent flow velocimetry if its integrative nature can be overcome through sharp-focusing optics.     

In-cylinder temperature field measurement with laser shearing interferometry for spark ignition engines

The temperature field in combustion chamber of spark ignition engine is measured using laser shearing interferometry and high-speed photography in this paper. A set of experimental facility is set up. The relationship equation between the interference fringe image and temperature distribution is deduced. Changing the shearing interferometry quantity, the two-dimensional temperature field of engine combustion chamber and flame propagation can be measured quantitatively by image processing. The test results indicate that the shearing interferometric method has a strong vibration resistance, and a simple and reliable optical path. The temperature distribution and the temperature gradient are different in different zones. The temperature is highest in the burning zone and the temperature gradient is large. The temperature is lower in the burned zone and the temperature gradient is smaller. The temperature is lowest in the unburned zone but the temperature gradient is large. At the initial period of combustion, the flame propagation velocity is low. In the combustion process, the flame front in the approximate spherical shape pushes toward the unburned zone, and the flame propagation velocity starts to decrease. It rapidly increases until it reaches the maximum value as the combustion process going on, and then it gradually decreases until it has burned in the entire combustion chamber.     

Unsteady Dynamic Crack Propagation in a Brittle Polymer

Dynamic crack propagation in a brittle polymer, poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), was studied using the method of caustics in combination with a Cranz–Schardin high-speed camera. Four different types of specimen geometry and loading method were employed to achieve the crack acceleration, deceleration, and/or reacceleration processes in one fracture event. The dynamic stress intensity factor K _ID and crack velocity were obtained in the course of the crack propagation and the corresponding relationship was determined. The effect of the crack acceleration and deceleration on the K _ID-velocity relationships was as follows: (1) the variations of K _ID and the velocity were strongly influenced by the specimen geometry and loading method; (2) the velocity change was qualitatively in accord with K _ID; (3) K _ID for a constant crack velocity was larger when the crack decelerated than it was when the crack accelerated or reaccelerated; (4) K _ID for an acceleration-free crack was uniquely related to the velocity; and (5) K _ID could be expressed as two parametric functions of the velocity and acceleration.     

不同环境下气泡脉动特性实验研究

水下爆炸气泡对舰船结构造成严重的毁伤, 海上实船爆炸实验是考核水下爆炸气泡对舰船毁伤威力最直接、最有效的方法, 然而真实情况的舰船水下爆炸实验难以进行.为此, 在已有研究成果的基础上, 设计实验电路, 利用电容在相对较低的电压下放电打火产生的电火花气泡来模拟水下爆炸气泡, 设计多组实验工况来模拟气泡在不同环境下的运动特性. 研究气泡在不同环境下的脉动特性、射流特征, 揭示一些特殊的实验现象, 总结环境对气泡运动的影响规律.      

摄影用三脚架振动特性分析

建立了摄影用三脚架振动偏微分方程,并研究其振动特性, 分析了照相机在三脚架上快门触发的冲击力引起的振动位移, 并阐述了在工程上的应用和实例分析.对摄影用三脚架的制造和选用有参考意义.     

水下气泡高速摄影光学系统设计

为了研究水下气泡的粒径、速度和浓度特性,提出基于高速电荷耦合器件(CCD)的气泡照明和三维摄影光学系统.采用532nm半导体激光器,基于伽利略结构用三个柱面镜设计了厚度1.5mm,宽度44mm的片光源。设计物像距530mm,放大率为0.4,1,2.5倍(×)的摄影光学系统,每组均由共用前组镜和会聚镜组成,中间以平行光中继。通过同步移动片光源和共用前组镜实现60mm×40mm视场内二维高速成像和纵向5mm扫描,具有结构简单、性能可靠的特点。对设计结果进行评价,0.4,1,2.5×成像光学系统在0.707ω,50lp/mm时调制传递函数值分别为0.58,0.55和0.38,能够分辨粒径范围为10～450μm的气泡。     

爆炸过程相关参量的计算机图像测量方法

提出了一种基于计算机图像学的爆炸速度和爆炸作用时间的图像测量方法.分析了爆炸速度测量图像和爆炸作用时间测量图像的特点,用计算机自动从爆炸图像中提取出特征点,并自动完成爆炸时间、爆炸速度的测量、计算.实验结果表明,该方法可以准确地实现自动判读测量.