女子三级跳远的生物力学评价

本文建立了一个适合于评价三级跳远技术水平的系统评价框图,并根据这个框图设计了一个决定三级跳远效果的生物力学参数系统利用这个系统分析和评价了当今女子三级跳远亚州记录保持者李惠荣的三级跳远技术(所用技术影片是在1989‘年全国田径冠军赛上用LOCAM型高速摄影机以每秒100帧的速度扫描拍摄的),并通过与男子三级跳远运动员的技术特征的比较,找出了其技术上的优势和不足,并就如何改进和完善其三跳技术提出了一份系统而直观的研究报告,同时为女子三级跳远的再研究提供了可供借鉴的研究方法.     

高速液体射流流动特性的实验测试方法

基于RLPG高压喷射环境建立了射流流动特性的实验测定系统和分析方法．利用这种方法测出高压下喷口的流量系数,得到射流头部贯穿速度及射流核形态．     

基于激光阴影照相系统的研究

针对目前高速弹丸飞行参数测量系统采用被动光源存在的光源能量利用率低、对环境敏感等问题,研究了一种组合式主动激光阴影照相系统。在对系统理论分析的基础上建立了高速弹丸的空间位置模型和2种测速模型。搭建了激光阴影照相系统试验平台,对系统设计的合理性进行了检验。试验结果表明:2种测速模型都能实现对弹丸飞行速度的测量,并且2种方法的对比误差比较小;弹丸空间位置在X轴方向的均方差为0.795 mm,在Z轴方向的均方差为0.496 mm。与纸靶的测量结果相比,偏离程度在1 mm范围内;该系统能够实现对弹丸飞行参数的测量。     

基于高速摄影视觉测量的静爆破片运动参数测试方法

为提高静爆试验中破片初速和速度衰减系数解算的可信度,提出了基于高速摄影视觉测量的静爆破片运动参数测试方法,该方法主要包括高速摄像机数据采集、视觉测量解算破片轨迹、基于运动模型拟合求解三个步骤。试验证明,该方法能够准确获取各破片的初速和速度衰减系数,可信度高,是一种有效的静爆试验破片运动参数测试方法。     

Visualization of the sound scattering by a cylinder

The schlieren method is applied to visualizing the sound scattering ofa cylinder immersed in the liquids.Images of the echoes,caused by normal andoblique incidence from a cylinder,are obtained for two kinds of liquids:(1)theliquid is composed of a transparent liquid;and(2)the liquid is composed of twonon-mixable transparent liquids.It is found experimentally that the echo canbe caused by the discontinaites in the shadow zone.This fact is utilized to dem-onstrate the locus of the helical surface wave creeping along the surface of thecylinder.For such cases the three-dimensional image can be described by thismethod and has not to use the system with special appliances and complexalgorithm.     

Digital Photography in Measuring the Inclination of the Object Surface with Formation of a Speckle Structure

Optical schemes for measuring surface inclination due to shift or deformation are considered. Speckle-interferometry methods are used. The distinguished features of these schemes are connected with using a digital photocamera and a forming speckle structure in nonmonochromatic light. Several technical solutions are proposed making it possibile to measure inclination with an accuracy up to tenths of degree using standard cheap equipment. To form the speckle structure, the pattern of a random binary structure with unit size of several millimeters is used in the base fixed plane. The digital camera was placed in the analyzed plane and turned together with the plane. It registered a reduced image of the pattern. The registration was done for two positions of the surface, the pattern being illuminated by the camera flash lamp. Measuring the width and orientation of the interference fringes formed for the two speckle structures allows one to determine the inclination and orientation of the rotation axis.     

摄影物镜MTF测量中的影响因素研究

从影响摄影物镜MTF测量的各种因素出发,分别以光源颜色、F数、视场角、方位角、以及光强为参数,测量出了不同参数下的MTF值,并绘出了相应的变化曲线。通过分析这些曲线的变化,不仅可以看出MTF随这些参数的变化规律,而且能够形象地得知各参数对MTF变化快慢的影响程度。     

The presence of long-lived spin states in organic solids with rapid molecular motions

For organic solids with sufficiently mobile molecular segments, the application of a long and weak pulse (gammaB1/2pi approximately Hz) can yield inverted sharp peaks with linewidths of approximately 100 Hz in the 1H NMR spectra, and the use of multi-frequency weak pulses can excite multiple inverted sharp peaks. For these compounds, the normal 1H free induction decay (FID) of a static sample contains a slowly decaying part, which can be detected by acquisition delay up to about 2 ms. The presence of highly mobile molecular segments can also be identified by using a "dipolar filter."     

多重条纹辐射测量技术

通常采用转镜扫描相机直接观测高爆试验药柱周边的爆炸贯穿,或借助于两个平面反射镜,用转镜扫描相机观测药柱周边完全相反部位的爆炸贯穿,记录隅角迴转距离。利用火花隙技术和锥形内反射棱镜,可以获得圆形试验药柱贯穿的多重记录,这种新方法被称为多重条纹辐射测量技术。     

单参考束型全息-散斑干涉术

本文提出了一种三维变形分离测量技术——单参考束型全息-散斑干涉术,给出了理论分析及实验结果。