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21.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2005,37(7):589-607
The accuracy of quantitative XPS analysis can be improved using predetermined transmission functions. Two different calibration methods are used for estimating the transmission function T(E) of a photoelectron spectrometer, applying a survey spectra approach (SSA) and a quantified peak‐area approach (QPA) to minimize the quantification error. For the SSA method, Au, Ag and Cu spectra measured with the Metrology Spectrometer II have been used. The new QPA method was built up from Au 4f, Au 4d, Au 4p3/2, Ag 3d, Ag 3p3/2, Cu 3p, Cu 2p3/2, Ge 3p and Ge 2p3/2 standard peak areas, applying adequate ionization cross‐sections and mean free path lengths for different pass energies (10 and 50 eV), lens modes (large area, large area XL, small area 150) and x‐ray sources (Al/Mg Twin and Al Mono). In the energy range 200–1500 eV a transmission function T(E) = a0 + b1E (where a0, b1 and b2 are variable parameters) was found to give an appropriate approximation for eight tested spectrometer settings, implementing the largest changes in the case of pass energy variations. Determination and application of the transmission functions were integrated in the XPS analysis software (UNIFIT 2004) and tested by means of an Ni90Cr10 alloy. The results demonstrate the practicability of the SSA and QPA methods, giving decreased errors of <8% in comparison with errors up to 38% obtained using Wagner's sensitivity factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
In this article, the results of calculations of scattering spectra of low-absorptive spherical particles are presented. It was obtained using different approximate and numerical methods. The comparative evaluations of application of single scattering approximation, the average field approximation and of the methods of computer modeling on the basis of Monte-Carlo method on various scattering multiplicity were performed. The comparison demonstrates the good agreement of calculated results with experimental scattering spectra of eye lens. By using the obtained spectral data the colour coordinates are calculated. The regularities of changes in colour characteristics in dependence of disperse system parameters are analyzed. 相似文献
23.
利用链段浓度和链头浓度的概念,根据热力学涨落理论,给出了聚合物二元共混体系deGennes散射函数的一个普遍的热力学证明,指出了这个函数和Flory-Huggins共混自由能公式一样,也依赖于忽略构象涨落的假设. 相似文献
24.
Bogumil Zelent Józef Kuśba Ignacy Gryczynski Michael L. Johnson Joseph R. Lakowicz 《Journal of fluorescence》1993,3(3):199-207
We examined the time-dependent intensity decays ofN-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide (NATA) when collisionally quenched by acrylamide in propylene glycol over a range of temperatures. The intensity decays of NATA became increasingly heterogeneous in the presence of acrylamide. The NATA intensity decays were not consistent with the Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition (RBC) model for quenching. The steady-state Stern-Volmer plots show significant upward curvature, and quenching of NATA by acrylamide was observed even in vitrified propylene glycol, where translational diffusion cannot occur during the lifetime of the excited state. These frequencydomain and steady-state data indicate a through-space quenching interaction between NATA and acrylamide, and the results are consistent with a rate constant for quenching that depends exponentially on the fluorophore-quencher separation distance. The exponential distance-dependent rate of quenching also explains the upward curvature of the Stern-Volmer plot, and the steady-state data aid in determining the interaction distance between NATA and acrylamide. These results suggest that the distance-dependent quenching rates need to be considered in the interpretation of acrylamide quenching of proteins. 相似文献
25.
Micelles of different amphiphiles adopt different shapes and internal packing arrangements in water, depending on their chemical
structures and the conditions of the medium. Two microenvironmental features, namely the polarity and the microviscosity that
the aggregate offers to a solubilized molecule, have been monitored using extrinsic fluorescence probes. While the differences
between micelles of spherical and rod-like shapes are not always distinct, stacked micelles and peptide micelles offer distinctly
lower polarity and higher microviscosity to solubilizates than the others. 相似文献
26.
A qualitative discussion on atom-surface elastic scattering taking place in the presence of laser radiation is given. It is suggested that appreciable effects of laser radiation on diffraction patterns may be expected if the laser radiation is capable of inducing electronic transitions in atoms with a large probability.Research sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC), United States Air Force, under Contract No. F49620-78-C-0005, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE77-27826. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon.Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1976–1980; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, 1975–1980. 相似文献
27.
28.
The morphology of shear-oriented films of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester containing a triad ester mesogenic unit and a flexible spacer has been investigated in details. The formation conditions and process, the fine structures and the relaxation process of mat structure in the oriented films have been observed and discussed. 相似文献
29.
30.
宇宙射线缪子成像是一种新型的绿色核成像技术,近年来发展迅速。该技术利用天然的缪子射线对物体实现无损、高精度的三维成像。国内多所高校和研究机构已开展了一些缪子成像技术的相关研究,包括系统研发、场景应用和少量的成像算法研究。本文针对两种不同原理的缪子成像在国内的研究进行了综述,通过一些典型案例的介绍,展现该技术在经济、文化和社会方面的巨大价值和潜力。我国幅员辽阔、工业体系完善,缪子成像技术在多个领域具有广泛的应用需求。随着相关研究的深入推进,该技术在未来将取得持续发展并得到广泛应用,在文物保护与挖掘、矿藏勘探、基础设施结构监测、泥石流自然灾害预警等产业端发挥重要作用。 相似文献