COMBINED DAMAGE FRACTURE CRITERIA FOR PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS

Mechanical and electrical damages are introduced to study the fracture mechanics of piezoelectric ceramics in this paper. Two kinds of piezoelectric fracture criteria are established using the method of least squares combined with a damage analysis of the well-known piezoelectric fracture experiments of Park and Sun‘s. One is based on a linear combination of the mechanical and electrical damages and the other on their nonlinear combination. When the combined damage D is up to its critical value De, piezoelectric fracture occurs. It is found from the qualitative comparison of the numerical results with the experimental data that the nonlinearly combined damage fracture criterion can give a better prediction of piezoelectric fracture. And it is concluded from the nonlinearly combined damage fracture criterion that a negative electric field impedes fracture whereas the effect of a positive electric field on fracture depends on its magnitude.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTIONS OF A HALF-PLANE CRACK IN A TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC PIEZOELECTRIC SPACE WITH RESULTANT SOURCES

I. INTRODUCTIONBecause of the widespread application and intrinsic brittleness of piezoelectric ceramics, significantattention is being paid to the crack problems of piezoelectric ceramics. The last decade has seen a lotof three-dimensional studies of crack in piezoelectric ceramics[1??9]. In addition, the electroelastic fieldin a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space with a half-plane crack subjected to symmetric normalpoint forces, antisymmetric tangential point forces and point ch…     

超声换能器带宽对光声成像的影响

研究了不同尺寸吸收体产生的光声压的频谱特性：对于厘米量级、毫米量级和几百个微米量级的吸收体,产生光声压频谱的主要范围分别约为20～300kHz、70kHz～2．5MHz和400kHz～20MHz;讨论了不同频率范围的光声信号对重建图像的影响,低频段的光声信号能反映物体的非边界区域,而高频段的光声信号能突出物体的细微结构,尤其是物体的边界特征。提出了不同尺寸的吸收体要选用或设计不同带宽范围的探测器进行检测的方法．当探测器的带宽范围与光声压频谱范围基本吻合时,损失的频率成份较少,重建的光声图像效果较好,这一结论在仿真和实验结果中都得到了证明。实验用的光源为YAG激光器,波长为532nm,重复频率为30Hz,脉宽为7ns,探测器为针状的PVDF膜水听器,接收面积的直径为1mm。     

BiMnO_3改性BNT-BKT压电陶瓷的研究

为了提高BNT基压电陶瓷的电性能,采用传统的陶瓷制备方法,制备了一种Bi基的钙钛矿型无铅压电陶瓷 (1-x)Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.82)K_(0.18))_(0.5)TiO_3-xBiMnO_3 (简写为BNKT-BMx).研究了Bi基铁电体BiMnO_3对该体系陶瓷微观结构和压电介电性能的影响.结果表明:在所研究的组成范围内陶瓷材料均能够形成纯钙钛矿固溶体,微量BiMnO_3不改变该体系陶瓷的晶体结构,但促进晶粒生长.随着BiMnO_3含量增加,低温介电反常峰消失,高温介电峰出现频率分散性.随BiMnO_3含量增加,压电常数d_(33)和机电耦合系数k_p先增加后降低,在x=0.01时,k_p=0.333,x=0.015时,d_(33)=170 pC/N,为该体系陶瓷压电性能的最优值.     

Dynamic compression of metallic sandwich structures during planar impulsive loading in water

The compressive response of rigidly supported stainless steel sandwich panels subject to a planar impulsive load in water is investigated. Five core topologies that spanned a wide range of crush strengths and strain-dependencies were investigated. They included a (i) square-honeycomb, (ii) triangular honeycomb, (iii) multi-layer pyramidal truss, (iv) triangular corrugation and (v) diamond corrugation, all with a core relative density of approximately 5%. Quasi-statically, the honeycombs had the highest peak strength, but exhibited strong softening beyond the peak strength. The truss and corrugated cores had significantly lower strength, but a post yield plateau that extended to beyond a plastic strain of 60% similar to metal foams. Dynamically, the transmitted pressures scale with the quasi-static strength. The final transmitted momentum increased slowly with core strength (provided the cores were not fully crushed). It is shown that the essential aspects of the dynamic response, such as the transmitted momentum and the degree of core compression, are captured with surprising fidelity by modeling the cores as equivalent metal foams having plateau strengths represented by the quasi-static peak strength. The implication is that, despite considerable differences in core topology and dynamic deformation modes, a simple foam-like model replicates the dynamic response of rigidly supported sandwich panels subject to planar impulsive loads. It remains to ascertain whether such foam-like models capture more nuanced aspects of sandwich panel behavior when locally loaded in edge clamped configurations.     

骨的力–电效应研究方法与进展

骨组织在受到应力作用(正常的生理活动)变形后在骨内产生电位的现象称为骨的力–电效应,它主要包括压电效应和动电效应.研究骨在动态过程中产生的电位幅值和分布特点,不仅是了解电刺激骨生长机理的必要步骤,也是实现骨治疗和重建的生理基础.它一方面是用数学方法来描述外力作用下其电位大小与应力、应变、应变率及加载速率的关系,另一方面是考察生理环境(pH值、离子浓度、温度、湿度等)对电位的影响.首先对力–电理论进行了简单的介绍,重点总结了其研究方法,包括理论模型和分离式霍普金生杆冲击、弯曲变形及缓冲液中的动态测试等实验方法.此外,对骨替代材料和牙本质领域的力–电效应研究也进行了一定的综述.     

压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹的有限元分析

基于有限元软件ANSYS数值模拟,计算了激光作用下的压电薄膜表面贯穿裂纹外场应力强度因子和电位移强度因子,并且研究了90°畴变所诱致的畴变增韧行为。首先,求解无裂纹压电薄膜在激光作用下的热-力-电响应,将求得的应力和电位移场反向作用于裂纹面,求解裂纹尖端处的外场应力和电位移强度因子,然后基于小范围畴变理论求解了90°畴变所致的屏蔽应力强度因子。讨论了薄膜表面裂纹的外场应力强度因子、电位移强度因子及屏蔽应力强度因子随激光作用时间和裂纹位置的变化关系,从而预测压电薄膜体系在加热工作状况下的裂纹扩展和断裂行为。     

Elastic properties of spherically anisotropic piezoelectric composites

Effective elastic properties of spherically anisotropic piezoelectric composites, whose spherically anisotropic piezo-electric inclusions are embedded in an infinite non-piezoelectric matrix, are theoretically investigated. Analytical solutions for the elastic displacements and the electric potentials under a uniform external strain are derived exactly. Taking into account of the coupling effects of elasticity, permittivity and piezoelectricity, the formula is derived for estimating the effective elastic properties based on the average field theory in the dilute limit. An elastic response mechanism is revealed, in which the effective elastic properties increase as inclusion piezoelectric properties increase and inclusion dielectric properties decrease. Moreover, a piezoelectric response mechanism, of which the effective piezoelectric response vanishes due to the symmetry of spherically anisotropic composite, is also disclosed.     

一种具有新型动力放大器压电悬臂梁俘能器计算模型和解析解

为了提高压电振动能量俘获的效率,提出了一种新型的压电悬臂梁俘能器。新的压电俘能器在悬臂梁固定端安装一个新型动力放大器系统,另一端带有一个有限尺寸的质量块。新型动力放大器由平移及转动约束的弹簧-质量块系统组成。考虑有限尺寸质量块的质量分布效应和平移及转动约束的弹簧刚度等结构参数的影响,利用广义Hamilton原理,针对带有新型动力放大器的压电式悬臂梁俘能器,建立了分布参数型运动微分方程,获得了相应的特征函数,分析了自振频率和能量俘获效果。分析结果表明,考虑质量块偏心距和转动惯量可提高能量俘获效率的预测精度;合理选择动力放大器的平移及转动弹簧刚度可提高能量俘获的效率,降低俘能器的共振频率。     

基于阻抗法的预应力波纹管密实性试验研究

针对预应力波纹管中压浆不密实的问题,提出了一种基于压电阻抗法的预应力波纹管密实性检测研究方法。运用压电阻抗法的结构健康监测原理,定义了预应力波纹管灌浆密实性指标的均方根偏差RMSD(Root Mean Square Deviation),通过测试粘贴在波纹管底顶板的压电陶瓷传感器PZT(Piezoelectric Ceramic Transducer)和嵌入到波纹管内部的智能骨料SA(Smart Aggregate)的电阻抗值,与灌浆100%工况相比研究了灌浆0%、灌浆50%以及灌浆90%等工况下的电阻抗实部与虚部的频谱曲线变化规律。结论是密实性指标RMSD随预应力波纹管密实性增加而减小。上述研究成果验证了阻抗法对波纹管密实性检测的有效性。