复合声子结构的声场模拟及噪声-压电转化设计

城市噪声作为一种污染源,给人们的生活带来不便;同时噪声中蕴含的能量没有被合理利用,造成浪费。为了解决此问题,该文设计引入了点缺陷的声子晶体、纤维层、压电材料复合结构,对入射噪声进行有效吸收并在点缺陷处对入射声压有较明显的声压加强。采用有限元和边界元的方法,对该复合结构的降噪发电效果进行数值模拟。结果显示在输入声压为2 Pa时,声子晶体结构带隙1.1 kHz处,吸声系数达到0.6,压电片有最高的输出电压0.5 V,输出功率密度达到308.49μW/cm~3。与传统降噪结构相比能更好地实现对声能的吸收与利用。     

基于换能器驱动信号特征的高强度聚焦超声焦域损伤实时监测

高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)焦域的实时监测是聚焦超声临床治疗面临的关键问题,目前临床常采用B超图像强回声的变化实现焦域组织损伤的监测,而B超图像出现的强回声大多与焦域处的空化及沸腾气泡相关,无法准确、实时地监测治疗状态.HIFU治疗中焦域组织会伴随温度升高、空化、沸腾和组织特性等变化,换能器表面的声学负载也在不断变化,针对该问题,本文构建了换能器电压电流实时检测平台,通过测量换能器电学参数来感知焦域组织的状态变化.以离体牛肝组织作为HIFU辐照对象,并将相位差变化的结果与离体牛肝组织损伤的结果进行了对照,实验结果表明,在HIFU辐照过程中,换能器电压与电流的相位会出现由相对平稳到大幅波动的过程,此时停止辐照可见焦域出现明显损伤,而此时B超图像灰度无明显变化;此外,当焦域出现空化时,其波动幅度与范围将较之更大.此方法可为HIFU焦域组织损伤监测提供一种新的研究方案和手段.     

Study on a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa, as a typical alga, produces microcystin with strong liver toxicity, seriously endangering the liver health of human and animals. Inhibiting the bloom of the Microcystis aeruginosa in lakes becomes a significant and meaningful work. Ultrasonic cavitation is currently considered to be the most environmentally friendly and effective method for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the commercialized ultrasonic algae removal systems require multi-Langevin transducers to achieve omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation due to the single irradiation direction of the Langevin transducer, resulting in the complex design and high energy consumption. To achieve a low-cost, simple structure, and high-efficiency algae removal system, a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa is proposed. The proposed system is major composed of a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic transducer, which generates the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation by its shaking-head motion coupled by two orthogonal bending vibration modes. Modal simulation, sound field simulation, and cavitation bubble radius simulation are first carried out to optimize the geometric sizes of the proposed transducer and verify the correctness of the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation principle. Then the vibration characteristics of the transducer prototype are measured by vibration tests and impedance tests. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa are evaluated through the algae removal experiments. The experimental results exhibit that the algal cells damaged by ultrasonic irradiation from the proposed system do not have the ability to self-repair. In addition, the algal removal rates reached 55.41% and 72.97% after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment when the corresponding ultrasonic densities are 0.014 W/mL and 0.021 W/mL, respectively. The proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic algae removal system significantly simplifies the configuration and reduces energy consumption, presenting the potential promise of algae removal and environmental protection.     

Analysis on vibration characteristics of large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate based on quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure

Based on the theory of composite materials and phononic crystals (PCs), a large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate with the quasi-periodic PC structure composed of PZT-4 and epoxy is proposed in this paper. This PC structure can suppress the transverse vibration of the piezoelectric composite plate so that the thickness mode is purer and the thickness vibration amplitude is more uniform. Firstly, the vibration of the model is analyzed theoretically, the electromechanical equivalent circuit diagram of three-dimensional coupled vibration is established, and the resonance frequency equation is derived. The effects of the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric composite plate at the resonant frequency are obtained by the analytical method and the finite element method, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is also analyzed. The results show that the resonant frequency can be changed regularly and the electromechanical conversion can be improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular piezoelectric plate. The effect of the volume fraction of the scatterer on the resonant frequency in the thickness direction is studied by the finite element method. The band gap in X and Y directions of large-size rectangular piezoelectric plate with quasi-periodic PC structures are calculated. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results. When the resonance frequency is in the band gap, the decoupling phenomenon occurs, and then the vibration mode in the thickness direction is purer.     

Eccentric crack in a piezoelectric strip bonded to half planes

We consider the problem of determining the singular stresses and electric fields in a piezoelectric ceramic strip containing an eccentric Griffith crack off the centre line bonded to two elastic half planes under anti-plane shear loading using the continuous crack-face condition. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the problem to the solution of two pairs of dual integral equations, which are then expressed to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Numerical values on the stress intensity factor and energy release rate are obtained.     

Moving interfacial crack between piezoelectric ceramic and elastic layers

An analysis is performed for the problem of a finite Griffith crack moving with constant velocity along the interface of a two-layered strip composed of a piezoelectric ceramic and an elastic layers. The combined out-of-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loads are applied to the strip. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the problem to a pair of dual integral equations, which is then expressed in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) is determined, and numerical results show that DSIF depends on the crack length, the ratio of stiffness and thickness, and the magnitude and direction of electrical loads as well as the crack speed. In case that the crack moves along the interface of piezoelectric and elastic half planes, DSIF is independent of the crack speed.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of manganese‐modified PbHfO3–PbTiO3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ternary ceramics with morphotropic phase boundary compositions

High piezoelectric and electromechanical properties were reported in the PbHfO₃–PbTiO₃–Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ ternary system with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions. This work focuses on the effect of MnO₂ addition on 0.8Pb(Hf_0.443Ti_0.557)O₃–0.2PMN (0.8PHT–0.2PMN) ceramics. It was observed that the Mn acceptor modification induced a “hardening” effect in 0.8PHT–0.2PMN, with decreased piezoelectric coefficients d₃₃ and dielectric loss tan δ and a significantly increased mechanical quality factor Q_m. Moreover, the 0.2 wt% MnO₂‐doped 0.8PHT–0.2PMN ceramics exhibited good piezoelectric and electromechanical properties with d₃₃, planar electromechanical coupling k_p and Q_m being on the order of 360 pC/N, 61% and 700, respectively, showing advantages compared to those of commercial hard PZT4 ceramics, which is attractive for high power applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The piezoelectric effect in Pb[(Fe1/3Sb2/3) x Ti y Zr z ]O3 ceramics

The piezoelectric properties of Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃ with x + y + z = 1, x = 0.1, y = 0.43–0.48 ceramics have been investigated over a broad temperature range using a resonance technique. The influence of modification of PZT normal ferroelectric synthesized near the morphotropic phase boundary by a relaxor Pb(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3)O₃ compound on its physical properties was studied. The coefficients s ₁₁, k ₃₁, and d ₃₁ were calculated from the parameters characterizing the behavior of damped harmonic oscillator in the vicinity of the piezoelectric resonance. Several anomalies of the piezoelectric coefficients have been found in the temperature range 300–600 K. Two diffuse phase transitions were observed in Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃. The anomaly near 530 K for y = 0.43 is responsible for the transition from the rhombohedral phase to the tetragonal one. For y > 0.44 this transition is found to be very diffuse and the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases occurs. The observation of low piezoelectric activity confirms the existence of polar regions in Pb[(Fe_1/3Sb_2/3) _x Ti _y Zr _z ]O₃ above T _m.     

Piezoelectric activity and phase transitions in (PMN)0.69(PT)0.31 single crystal

Piezoelectric and dielectric investigations have been performed on a (PMN)_0.69(PT)_0.31 single crystal. Low frequency (100?Hz) dielectric permittivity measurements revealed distinct anomaly at 129°C (T _εmax) corresponding to the structural transformation from the tetragonal to cubic phase. Two other anomalies have been detected at 90 and 96°C. After preliminary polarization in the d.c. electric field, switched on above T _εmax and switched off inside the tetragonal phase, the piezoelectric activity has been observed in function of temperature. Values of the piezoelectric resonance frequencies changed markedly at 96°C (on cooling) and 124°C (on heating) showing clear softening of the elastic properties near these temperatures. Values of the piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients obtained were respectively of the order of 800?pCN^?1 (d ₃₁) and 0.35?(k ₃₁). Piezoelectric activity was detected tens of degrees above the temperature T _εmax and disappeared at temperature at which the dispersion of the dielectric permittivity due to the presence of polar nanoregions is negligible. It was found that strong softening of the elastic properties accompanies phase transitions to the tetragonal and monoclinic phase.