Optical investigation of cavitation erosion by laser-induced bubble collapse

By means of a new force sensor based on optical beam deflection (OBD), the mechanical effects of laser-matter interaction underwater at different incident laser energy are investigated in detail. The experimental results show that a target underwater is impacted in turn by laser-plasma ablation force and high-speed liquid-jet impulse induced by bubbles collapse in the vicinity of a solid boundary. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the two forces increase monotonously with laser energy. According to the ablation force detected by the experiment and the theoretical relationship between laser intensity and ablation pressure, the value of liquid-jet impact against a solid boundary can be easily obtained. In addition, based on the model of a collapsing bubble, some characteristic parameters, such as the liquid-jet impact velocity, the maximum bubble radius, the bubble energy can also be obtained at different laser energy, which are valuable in the corresponding research fields.     

Bending loss measurement using a fiber cavity ringdown scheme

A novel sensitive technique for the determination of losses in fiber cavities is presented. The method is based on the cavity ringdown scheme implemented in silica-based single-mode fibers. Bending losses of fiber cavities of different lengths have been measured showing all an oscillating behavior with respect to the curvature radius of the fiber as predicted by a theoretical model. The best minimum detectable absorbance per cavity pass achieved by this new method is 1.72×10⁻³ dB within a 10 m-long cavity. This limit suffices well for an accurate determination of optical bending losses even in bend-insensitive fibers. Furthermore, the comparison of the measured bending losses with a theoretical model allows the extraction of different fiber parameters. Good agreement has been found between the experimentally derived parameters and literature data.     

光双二进制传输系统的性能研究

光双二进制信号的谱宽是传统二进制信号的一半,采用双二进制传输比二进制传输色散限制的中继距离可增加一倍.本文对采用传统光接收机的光双二进制传输系统用MATLAB进行了通信仿真.结果表明:在完全消光条件下,10 Gb/s双二进制信号在常规单模光纤上传输可达160 km,40 Gb/s双二进制信号在非零色散光纤上为30 km,均比二进制增加了一倍;详细考察了消光比对传输的影响,只有消光比大于25 dB时,双二进制相对于二进制传输的优越性才呈现出来.     

Extremely large binding energy of biexcitons in an organic-inorganic quantum-well material (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4

We have confirmed biexciton formation in an organic-inorganic hybrid quantum-well material (C₄H₉NH₃)₂PbBr₄ by photoluminescence and two-photon absorption measurements. The biexciton has extremely large binding energy, 60 meV, which to our knowledge is the largest value ever reported for a semiconductor. By analyzing the spectrum of biexciton luminescence, the biexciton gas temperature was found to be much higher than the bath temperature due to a higher local temperature arising from the large biexciton binding energy.     

Magneto-Optical Measurement of Organic Conductor Using Rotational Cavity System

We have developed a new magneto-optical measurement system using a rotational cavity system equipped with a millimeter vector network analyzer and a 14 T solenoid type super conducting magnet. The measurement can be performed in the transmission configuration down to 1.6 K. The results of the precise angular dependence measurement of quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (DMET)₂I₃ using the new system are shown, and its Fermi surface will be discussed in connection with the previous reports.     

Optical and conductive properties of AlSi-alloy/SiCp composites: application in modelling CO2 laser processing of composites

The optical properties—reflectivity, real part of the refractive index, absorption coefficient as well as the thermal and electrical conductivity of AlSi-alloy/SiC_p composite were measured. The optical parameters and both conductivities decreased with the increase of SiC_p particles volume in AlSi-alloy matrix. This decrease was almost linear for the volume fraction of SiC_p particle up to 10 vol% of the total mass of the composite. For the 15 vol% of SiC_p particles, the departure from linearity is connected with the presence of additional phases in AlSi-alloy/SiC_p composite materials. The measured temperature dependencies of optical reflectivity and electrical conductivity for AlSi-alloy/SiC_p 15 vol% are of metallic character. Modelling of the interaction of the CO₂ laser radiation with AlSi-alloy/SiC_p 15 vol% composite should allow to estimate the initiation time at which the surface composite reaches melting temperature.     

Zur Synthese und Struktur von K3N

Synthesis and Structure of K₃N Two phases in the binary system K/N have been obtained via co‐deposition of potassium and nitrogen onto polished sapphire at 77 K and subsequent heating to room temperature. The powder diffraction pattern of one of these phases can be satisfactorily interpreted by assuming the composition K₃N, and the anti‐TiI₃ structure‐type, which is also adopted by Cs₃O. The resulting hexagonal lattice constants are: a = 779.8(2), c = 759.2(9) pm, Z = 2, P6₃/mcm. Comparison with possible structures of K₃N generated by computational methods and refined at Hartree‐Fock‐ and DFT level, reveals that the energetically most favoured structure has not formed (presumable Li₃P‐type), but instead one of those with very low density. In this respect, the findings for K₃N are analogous to the results on Na₃N. The thermal evolution of the deposited starting mixture has been investigated. Hexagonal K₃N transforms to another K/N phase at 233 K. Its XRD can be fully indexed resulting in an orthorhombic cell a = 1163, b = 596, c = 718 pm. Decomposition leaving elemental potassium as the only residue occurs at 263 K.     

Differential FBG sensor for temperature-compensated high-pressure (or displacement) measurement

A differential fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with a free active element bulk-modulus for high-pressure (or displacement) measurement is presented. Based on the differential measurement method and an isosceles triangle cantilever structure, problems of cross-sensitivity and chirped signal in FBG sensor are improved both theoretically and experimentally. Preliminary experiments indicate that temperature-compensated measurement results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Displacement measurement sensitivity is 1.75 pm/μm, and the estimated pressure measurement resolution can reach 0.27 MPa in case the wavelength shift measurement resolution is 0.01 nm.     

Ground state parameters of BiH3 from infrared and millimeter-wave spectra: ground state and equilibrium structures

Unstable, short-lived BiH₃ has been synthesized and investigated by rotational spectroscopy in the range 158 (J=1-0) to 1280 GHz (J=8-7). Quadrupole and spin-rotation hyperfine structures (eQq=584.676(96) MHz), and the A₁A₂ splitting of the K=3 ground state level, have been resolved. By merging the pure rotational data with 1764 ground state combination differences obtained from the analysis of high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectra of the ν₁-ν₄ bands [J. Mol. Spectrosc. (2004) (in press)] spanning J and K values up to 16 and 14, respectively, with 0?ΔK?9, the ground state rotational and centrifugal distortion constants up to octic and sextic terms for reductions A and B, respectively, have been determined. Of the reductions of the ground state rovibrational Hamiltonian, reduction B including ε rather than h₃ as off-diagonal element is clearly favored. An experimental r₀ structure of the very-near spherical oblate symmetric top BiH₃, r(BiH)=178.82 pm and α(HBiH)=90.320°, has been deduced from the rotational constants B₀=2.64160172(18) and C₀=2.6010403(31) cm⁻¹. The derived experimental r_e structure, r_e(BiH)=177.834(50) pm and α_e(HBiH)=90.321(10)°, was determined. This is in excellent agreement with the most recent ab initio structure, r_e(BiH)=177.84 pm, and α_e(HBiH)=90.12°.     

Structure and optical properties of lead iodide based two-dimensional perovskite compounds containing fluorophenethylamines

Phenethylammonium-based perovskites, which can be regarded as a semiconductor/insulator multiple quantum well consisting of lead halide semiconductor layers sandwiched between phenethylammonium insulator layers were prepared. To investigate the effects of the electronic state and the orientation of organic insulator layers on the optical properties of layered perovskites, fluorine substituted analogues were also prepared. The structure and optical properties were investigated by the XRD, UV–Vis absorption, and fluorescence measurements. The exciton absorption peak was shifted by the substitution of fluorine atoms in organic ammonium compounds. It became clear that the optical properties of two-dimensional perovskite compounds were controlled by the substitution of fluorine atoms.