水溶性稠杂环均三唑并噻二唑体系的合成及生物活性(I): 哌嗪取代衍生物

4-氨基-5-吡啶-4-基-均三唑硫醇(1)在复合催化剂DMAP和TBAB作用下与对卤代苯甲酸经环缩合反应以高收率得到中间体6-(5-氯-3-甲基-1-取代苯基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-3-吡啶-3-基-均三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二唑(2a～2c), 接着苯环卤原子与取代哌嗪在聚乙二醇催化作用下发生亲核取代反应得到相应的哌嗪游离碱(3a～3c). 其中, 单取代哌嗪游离碱3a与含功能基的卤代物缩合得到功能基取代的哌嗪衍生物(4a～4g). 这些产生的游离碱与盐酸反应得到相应的水溶性盐酸盐. 所合成新化合物的结构经元素分析和光谱数据表征, 并评价了它们的体外抗菌活性及构效关系.     

On the applicability of CNDO indices for the prediction of chemical reactivity

A series of CNDO/2 molecular orbital properties were evaluated to determine their utility in parameterizing chemical reactivities. Some of these indices were used previously for only electron methods and were extended here to include the framework. Theoretical rationales were given for this extension to the semi-empirical all valence electron methods. Four systems, the aromatic hydrocarbons, the benzene derivatives, the substituted benzoic acids, and the substituted phenyl amines, were studied to test how well these indices can parameterize chemical reactivities. This study focused on reactions involving both and electrons where the reactive site is not necessarily on the aromatic framework. For the nonplanar and heteropolar systems, these indices performed as well as the Hückel method did for the classical aromatics. These CNDO indices should perform effectively in multivariable regressions to parameterize the reactivities for more complicated problems such as those encountered in quantitative structure activity relationships of drugs.     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂设计的研究进展*

基质金属蛋白酶(MMP) 是一类含锌的水解酶, 过量的MMP会加速细胞外基质的降解并导致一系列的疾病, 例如癌症、关节炎和多发性硬化症等。因此MMP抑制剂的研究已成为药物设计研究领域中的一个热门课题。近年来, 科学家们发展了三种分子设计的方法, 包括基于底物的药物设计、基于结构的药物设计和组合化学技术。本文介绍了这些方法的原理及其在MMP抑制剂设计中的应用和进展。     

The Jubilee of Methyl Jasmonate and Hedione®

An internal historical point of view is presented on the discovery and development of both methyl jasmonate and its saturated analogue Hedione^®. A discussion of the synthetic approaches performed during the last decade, and structure? activity relationships of analogous structures are also presented.     

2-Acetylpyridine- and 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones and their antimony(III) complexes exhibit high anti-trypanosomal activity

Complexes [Sb(2Ac4oClPh)Cl₂] (1), [Sb(2Ac4oFPh)Cl₂] (2), [Sb(2Ac4oNO₂Ph)Cl₂] (3), [Sb(2Bz4oClPh)Cl₂] (4), [Sb(2Bz4oFPh)Cl₂] (5) and [Sb(2Bz4oNO₂Ph)Cl₂] (6) were obtained with 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4oClPh) and its N(4)-ortho-fluor (H2Ac4oFPh) and N(4)-ortho-nitro (H2Ac4oNO₂Ph) analogues, and with the corresponding 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones (H2Bz4oClPh, H2Bz4oFPh, H2Bz4oNO₂Ph). The studied compounds are excellent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi growth. H2Bz4oClPh and complexes (4) and (1) were the most trypanosomicidal.Upon coordination of H2Ac4oClPh to antimony(III) in 1, the therapeutic index (TI) goes from 10.58 to 14.35. However, the best values of TI were found for H2Bz4oClPh (TI = 1240) and H2Ac4oNO₂Ph (TI = 773). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies did not allow the establishment of correlations between the anti-trypanosomal activity and physico-chemical parameters, but correlations were found between the cytotoxicities and physico-chemical properties.     

Synthesis and Anti‐tumor Evaluation of B‐ring Modified Caged Xanthone Analogues of Gambogic Acid

Gambogic acid (GA, 1 ), the most prominent member of Garcinia natural products, has been reported to be a promising anti‐tumor agent. Previous studies have suggested that the planar B ring and the unique 4‐oxa‐tricyclo[4.3.1.0^3,7]dec‐2‐one caged motif were essential for anti‐tumor activity. To further explore the structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of caged Garcinia xanthones, two new series of B‐ring modified caged GA analogues 13a – 13e and 15a – 15e were synthesized utilizing a Claisen/Diel‐Alder cascade reaction. Subsequently, these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti‐tumor activities against A549, MCF‐7, SMMC‐7721 and BGC‐823 cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Among them, 13b – 13e exhibited micromolar inhibition against several cancer cell lines, being approximately 2–4 fold less potent in comparison to GA. SAR analysis revealed that the peripheral gem‐dimethyl groups are essential for maintaining anti‐tumor activity and substituent group on C1 position of B‐ring has a significant effect on potency, while modifications at C‐2, C‐3 and C‐4 positions are relatively tolerated. These findings will enhance our understanding of the SAR of Garcinia xanthones and lead to the development of simplified analogues as potential anti‐tumor agents.     

Quantitation of SAR97276 in mouse tissues by rapid resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry

1,12‐Bis[5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐3‐ium]dodecane dibromide (SAR97276, T3) is a new antimalarial drug, which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for severe malaria. Drug accumulation inside the parasite and a dual mechanism of action are a major strength of this compound, as it could help delay the development of resistance. The purpose of this article was to develop a rapid resolution LC‐MS method for quantifying SAR97276 in mouse tissues. The LC system consisted of Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 (1.8 μm, 50×4.6 mm, 60°C) column. Elution with a gradient mobile phase consisting of ACN–trimethylamine‐formate buffer (pH 3) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min yielded sharp, utmost‐resolved peaks within 2 min. Tissue samples were powdered under liquid nitrogen. After protein precipitation with citric acid, SPE using WCX cartridges was used for sample preparation. There was no influence of the matrix on the detection of either SAR97276 or the IS. Assay precision was <13% and accuracy was 90–107%. The lower LOQs were 3.3 μg/kg in brain and 33 μg/kg in liver and heart. This newly developed method was used to study the tissue distribution of SAR97276 in mouse as part of the ongoing development of SAR97276.     

New sesquiterpenes from Inula japonica Thunb. with their inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages

Twenty-two new sesquiterpenes were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica Thunb., together with fifteen known ones. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, and modified Mosher method. All 37 compounds were evaluated for the inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and most of isolates significantly inhibited the NO production with IC₅₀ values in the range of 3.5-20 μM. Besides, results obtained in our studies provided a structure-activity relationship that would be used to design anti-inflammatory agents in the future.     

SAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FOCUSED PLANAR ARRAY OF WATER-LOADED MODIFIED BOX-HORNS FOR HYPERTHERMIA

A 4×4 planar array of modified box-horns as a microwave hyperthermia applicator is theoretically studied to characterize power deposition (SAR) in heating tissue (muscle) at 2450 MHz. A modified box-horn is a novel improved version of conventional box-horn in which horn exciting the box waveguide is flared in both E-and H-planes. Modified box-horn supports TE₁₀ and TE₃₀ modes. The amplitude distribution over the H-plane of the box-horn aperture is a closer approximation to the uniform distribution. It is proposed that the interior of the box-horn be filled with water to provide a better impedance match to biological tissue. By applying Fresnel-Kirchhoff scalar diffraction field theory, the expression for electric field in heating region is derived and distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) in that region due to planar array of modified box-horns as direct contact applicator is evaluated at 2450 MHz. The results of modified box-horn array are compared with those of a single modified box-horn operating at the same frequency. Results demonstrate that planar array of modified box-horns offers improvement in SAR distribution and penetration depth. It is shown that by changing the phase and amplitude of excitation of the modified box-horns of the array, the relative amplitude and position of the hot spot can be changed. The present analysis is validated through the results obtained by plane wave spectral technique.