等离子体微带开关特性

提出一种基于微放电等离子体的微带开关。它是以“时变等离子体”取代微带线射频微机电开关的“金属悬臂”,利用等离子体的导体或介质特性使电磁波沿其表面进行传输或截止,从而实现微带线上电磁波传输的动态控制。等离子体微带开关的基本结构包括用以隔断电磁波的微带间隙和产生片状等离子体的放电装置。放电产生时,电磁波因等离子体导体性通过开关,形成“开”状态;放电停止后,电磁波被微带间隙反射,形成“关”状态。利用CST软件仿真研究了等离子体开关特性,结果表明：这种开关的带宽由等离子体密度决定,隔离度由间隙决定,而工作插损与等离子体密度和电子碰撞频率有关。等离子体位形（宽度、厚度等）对于开关性能也非常重要。     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的设计与初步实验

设计了10级同轴结构的陡化前沿Marx发生器,实现了电容储能型脉冲功率调制系统的小型化。该系统采用3 nF低电感电容器作为储能电容,采用固体电阻作为充电电阻,通过各级短间隙气体火花开关迅速放电及级间紫外光耦合在50 Ω负载上建立了陡化前沿的输出电压波形。在考虑开关电极分散电容、等效传输线效应及回路电感等因素基础上,利用自击穿火花开关模型建立了等效放电电路模型,并利用PSpice电路模拟软件进行了数值模拟。根据数值模拟结果设计加工了10级陡化前沿的Marx发生器实验装置,在较低充电电压下（7 kV与11 kV）,得到了初步实验结果,输出电压波形大致为方波,相对于传统Marx发生器输出前沿缓慢的三角波有较大改善,半高宽为40~50 ns,前沿时间为十几ns,幅值约为41 kV和57.5 kV,实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。     

同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器初步实验研究

对一种同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器进行了初步的实验研究。利用数值模拟优化得到的结构,建立了实验装置。初步实验结果表明：该种器件具有微波产生效率高的优点,在实验系统并没有达到优化状态的情况下得到的微波转换效率达28%,峰值功率约为1.3 GW。微波频率基本不随二极管电压变化,约为7.7 GHz,这与文献中数值模拟给出的结果一致。     

Hydrodynamic and Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium Effects around Shock Waves: Based on a Discrete Boltzmann Method

A shock wave that is characterized by sharp physical gradients always draws the medium out of equilibrium. In this work, both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects around the shock wave are investigated using a discrete Boltzmann model. Via Chapman–Enskog analysis, the local equilibrium and nonequilibrium velocity distribution functions in one-, two-, and three-dimensional velocity space are recovered across the shock wave. Besides, the absolute and relative deviation degrees are defined in order to describe the departure of the fluid system from the equilibrium state. The local and global nonequilibrium effects, nonorganized energy, and nonorganized energy flux are also investigated. Moreover, the impacts of the relaxation frequency, Mach number, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and the specific heat ratio on the nonequilibrium behaviours around shock waves are studied. This work is helpful for a deeper understanding of the fine structures of shock wave and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.     

Experimental Study on Wave Characteristics of Stilling Basin with a Negative Step

Stilling basin with a negative step is an important structure in hydraulic systems, because it can avoid atomization and decrease scouring problems. Although stilling basins with a negative step have attracted much attention from researchers, few researchers have focused on the wave characteristics. In this research, an experimental study on the wave characteristics of stilling basins with a negative step was carried out. The wave height, average period, wave probability density and power spectrum along the flow direction of different stilling basins with a negative step were described based on the wave theory, and the results indicate discharge and step height have a significant effect on the wave characteristics. The relationships between the different characteristic wave heights, and the empirical formula for the relative characteristic wave height are obtained. Finally, the dimensionless standard deviation at the end of the stilling basin with a negative step is linearly related to the flow-energy ratio and the relative step height under B-jump.     

Thermodynamic Signatures of Structural Transitions and Dissociation of Charged Colloidal Clusters: A Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo Study

Computational simulation of colloidal systems make use of empirical interaction potentials that are founded in well-established theory. In this work, we have performed parallel tempering Monte Carlo (PTMC) simulations to calculate heat capacity and to assess structural transitions, which may occur in charged colloidal clusters whose effective interactions are described by a sum of pair potentials with attractive short-range and repulsive long-range components. Previous studies on these systems have shown that the global minimum structure varies from spherical-type shapes for small-size clusters to Bernal spiral and “beaded-necklace” shapes at intermediate and larger sizes, respectively. In order to study both structural transitions and dissociation, we have organized the structures appearing in the PTMC calculations by three sets according to their energy: (i) low-energy structures, including the global minimum; (ii) intermediate-energy “beaded-necklace” motifs; (iii) high-energy linear and branched structures that characterize the dissociative clusters. We observe that, depending on the cluster, either peaks or shoulders on the heat–capacity curve constitute thermodynamics signatures of dissociation and structural transitions. The dissociation occurs at T=0.20 for all studied clusters and it is characterized by the appearance of a significant number of linear structures, while the structural transitions corresponding to unrolling the Bernal spiral are quite dependent on the size of the colloidal system.     

Higher Harmonic Operations of Submillimeter Wave Gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU Series)

Higher harmonic operation of gyrotrons is necessary to obtain high frequencies. Some gyrotrons included in the Gyrotron FU series developed at Fukui University have achieved operation at the third and even fourth harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency. The output lies in the millimeter to submillimeter wavelength range and the output powers are several watts to several tens of watts. In this paper, the gyrotrons and the conditions under which they operate are described in detail.     

On the integrability aspects of nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the dynamics of solitary waves

The integrability nature of a nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation, describing the propagation of ultra-broad nonparaxial beams in a planar optical waveguide, is studied by employing the Painlevé singularity structure analysis. Our study shows that the NNLS equation fails to satisfy the Painlevé test. Nevertheless, we construct one bright solitary wave solution for the NNLS equation by using the Hirota's direct method. Also, we numerically demonstrate the stable propagation of the obtained bright solitary waves even in the presence of an external perturbation in a form of white noise. We then numerically investigate the coherent interaction dynamics of two and three bright solitary waves. Our study reveals interesting energy switching among the colliding solitary waves due to the nonparaxiality.     

Properties of an exact crystalline many-body ground state

A new quantum many-body Hamiltonian is introduced, for which the exact ground state is a Jastrow-type product. This Hamiltonian is interpreted as a one-component |x|-potential Coulomb system in free boundary conditions, and by explicit calculation it is shown that the ground state is crystalline. The generaln-body density matrix is calculated, and is related to then-body density matrix calculated in periodic boundary conditions.     

Phase Distribution Measurement of Light Wave by Adaptive Control of Pupil Function with Local Algorithm

In developing a new method to measure the phase distribution of a light wave utilizing the adaptive control of the pupil function with a liquid crystal panel, the optimization procedure for the adaptive control is shown to improve when a local algorithm is adopted. The feasibility of the proposed system is confirmed by computer simulation as well as by some basic experiments.