全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2212篇 |
免费 | 552篇 |
国内免费 | 67篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 177篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 441篇 |
综合类 | 47篇 |
数学 | 1091篇 |
物理学 | 1074篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 69篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 75篇 |
2019年 | 66篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 120篇 |
2015年 | 96篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 185篇 |
2012年 | 170篇 |
2011年 | 147篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 133篇 |
2008年 | 165篇 |
2007年 | 128篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 111篇 |
2004年 | 92篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 76篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 54篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2831条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
A Complex Adaptive System is a collection of autonomous, heterogeneous agents, whose behavior is defined with a limited number of rules. A Game Theory is a mathematical construct that assumes a small number of rational players who have a limited number of actions or strategies available to them. The CAS method has the potential to alleviate some of the shortcomings of GT. On the other hand, CAS researchers are always looking for a realistic way to define interactions among agents. GT offers an attractive option for defining the rules of such interactions in a way that is both potentially consistent with observed real‐world behavior and subject to mathematical interpretation. This article reports on the results of an effort to build a CAS system that utilizes GT for determining the actions of individual agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,24–42, 2010 相似文献
102.
The performance of synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) degrades due to chaos when its systemic parameters fall into a certain area. To control the undesirable chaos in SynRM, a passive control law is presented in this paper, which transforms the chaotic SynRM into an equivalent passive system. It is proved that the equivalent system can be asymptotically stabilized at the set equilibrium point, namely, chaos in SynRM can be controlled. Moreover, in order to eliminate the influence of undeterministic parameters, an adaptive law is introduced into the designed controller. Computer simulation results show that the proposed controller is very effective and robust against the uncertainties in systemic parameters. The present study may help to maintain the secure operation of industrial servo drive system. 相似文献
103.
In this paper, we focus on the robust adaptive synchronization between two coupled chaotic neural networks with all the parameters unknown and time-varying delay. In order to increase the robustness of the two coupled neural networks, the key idea is that a sliding-mode-type controller is employed. Moreover, without the estimate values of the network unknown parameters taken as an updating object, a new updating object is introduced in the constructing of controller. Using the proposed controller, without any requirements for the boundedness, monotonicity and differentiability of activation functions, and symmetry of connections, the two coupled chaotic neural networks can achieve global robust synchronization no matter what their initial states are. Finally, the numerical simulation validates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed technique. 相似文献
104.
This paper proposes an adaptive parameter identification method
for breaking chaotic shift key communication from the
transmitted signal in public channel. The sensitive dependence
property of chaos on parameter mismatch is used for chaos adaptive
synchronization and parameter identification. An index function
about the synchronization error is defined and conjugate gradient
method is used to minimize the index function and to search the
transmitter's parameter (key). By using proposed method, secure key
is recovered from transmitted signal generated by low dimensional
chaos and hyper chaos switching communication. Multi-parameters can
also be identified from the transmitted signal with noise. 相似文献
105.
Z. Dostál A. Friedlander S.A. Santos K. Alesawi 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2002,23(1):127-133
In this paper we give corrections to our paper on an augmented Lagrangian type algorithm for strictly convex quadratic programming problems with equality constraints. 相似文献
106.
The paper deals with trajectory tracking for a flexible spacecraft, subject to a gravity-gradient disturbance, under parameter uncertainties. The controls are gas jets and reaction wheels, and the measured variables describe the attitude and angular velocity of the rigid part. The flexible dynamics is treated as an additional disturbance acting on a rigid structure. First, an adaptive control is designed with only the gravity-gradient disturbance acting on the spacecraft; second, it is proved to be effective also in the presence of disturbance due to the flexibility, provided that appropriate robustness conditions on the controller gains are satisfied. These conditions use partial knowledge of the parameters describing the elastic dynamics. Simulations show the good performance of such control scheme and demonstrate its applicability even in the presence of input saturation. 相似文献
107.
Doksum Kjell 《中国科学A辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):114-127
Let f(x) be the density of a design variable X and m(x) = E[Y\X = x] the regression function. Then m(x) - G(x)/f(x), where G(x) = m(x)f(x). The Dirac δ-function is used to define a generalized empirical function Gn (x) for G(x) whose expectation equals G(x). This generalized empirical function exists only in the space of Schwartz distributions, so we introduce a local polynomial of order p approximation to Gn(.) which provides estimators of the function G(x) and its derivatives. The density f(x) can be estimated in a similar manner. The resulting local generalized empirical estimator (LGE) of m(x) is exactly the Nadaraya-Watson estimator at interior points when p = 1, but on the boundary the estimator automatically corrects the boundary effect. Asymptotic normality of the estimator is established. Asymptotic expressions for the mean squared errors are obtained and used in bandwidth selection. Boundary behavior of the estimators is investigated in details. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show that the 相似文献
108.
We describe the implementation of an adaptive umbrella sampling method, making use of the weighted histogram analysis method, for computing multidimensional potential of mean force for chemical reaction in solution. The approach is illustrated by investigating the effect of aqueous solution on the free energy surface for the proton transfer reaction of [H(3)N-H-NH(3)](+) using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical AM1/TIP3P potential. 相似文献
109.
We study a processing system comprised of parallel queues, whose individual service rates are specified by a global service mode (configuration). The issue is how to switch the system between various possible service modes, so as to maximize its throughput and maintain stability under the most workload-intensive input traffic traces (arrival processes). Stability preserves the job inflow–outflow balance at each queue on the traffic traces. Two key families of service policies are shown to maximize throughput, under the mild condition that traffic traces have long-term average workload rates. In the first family of cone policies, the service mode is chosen based on the system backlog state belonging to a corresponding cone. Two distinct policy classes of that nature are investigated, MaxProduct and FastEmpty. In the second family of batch policies (BatchAdapt), jobs are collectively scheduled over adaptively chosen horizons, according to an asymptotically optimal, robust schedule. The issues of nonpreemptive job processing and non-negligible switching times between service modes are addressed. The analysis is extended to cover feed-forward networks of such processing systems/nodes. The approach taken unifies and generalizes prior studies, by developing a general trace-based modeling framework (sample-path approach) for addressing the queueing stability problem. It treats the queueing structure as a deterministic dynamical system and analyzes directly its evolution trajectories. It does not require any probabilistic superstructure, which is typically used in previous approaches. Probability can be superposed later to address finer performance questions (e.g., delay). The throughput maximization problem is seen to be primarily of structural nature. The developed methodology appears to have broader applicability to other queueing systems. 相似文献
110.
A process is considered whose quality deteriorates accordingto a constant failure intensity . As in practice it can be difficultto estimate the true value of the purpose of this paper isto present a strategy which can be applied without knowing .In order to maximize the number of conforming items per timeunit perfect inspections and renewals are performed. The lengthof the inspection interval is described by an arithmetical sequenceand changes by the time depending on perceived assignable causes.Optimal adaptive control plans provide nearly the same performanceas in the case when is known. 相似文献