Discrete Boltzmann Method with Maxwell-Type Boundary Condition for Slip Flow

The rarefied effect of gas flow in microchannel is significant and cannot be well described by traditional hydrodynamic models. It has been known that discrete Boltzmann model(DBM) has the potential to investigate flows in a relatively wider range of Knudsen number because of its intrinsic kinetic nature inherited from Boltzmann equation.It is crucial to have a proper kinetic boundary condition for DBM to capture the velocity slip and the flow characteristics in the Knudsen layer. In this paper, we present a DBM combined with Maxwell-type boundary condition model for slip flow. The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient is introduced to implement a gas-surface interaction model.Both the velocity slip and the Knudsen layer under various Knudsen numbers and accommodation coefficients can be well described. Two kinds of slip flows, including Couette flow and Poiseuille flow, are simulated to verify the model.To dynamically compare results from different models, the relation between the definition of Knudsen number in hard sphere model and that in BGK model is clarified.     

垂直均匀射流下CPU散热器换热性能的数值分析

对垂直射流下CPU散热器的流场及温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了CPU散热器流场及温度场的分布规律,指出近底面肋片间存在回流区,明显影响传热。分析了CPU散热器在射流时不同情况下的散热性能,计算所得数据有助于CPU散热器的设计与改进。     

Properties of train traffic flow in a moving block system

The development direction of railways is toward the improvement of capacity and service quality, where the service quality includes safety, schedule, high speed, and comfort. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, in this paper, we develop a model to analyze the mixed running processes of trains with maximal speeds of 500 km/h and 350 km/h respectively in the moving block system. In the proposed model, we establish some sound rules to control the running processes of a train, where the rules include the departure rules in the intermediate stations, the overtaking rules, and the conditions of speed limitation for a train stopping at a station or passing through a station. With the consideration of the mixed ratio and the distance between two adjacent stations, the properties of the train traffic flow (including capacity and average speed) are simulated. The numerical results show that the interactions among different trains will affect the capacity, and a proper increase of the spatial distance between two adjacent stations can enhance the capacity and the average speed under the moving block.     

基于孔口出流模型的实验研究及理论分析

基于孔口出流模型对底部有小孔的圆柱体容器中液体液面高度随时间的变化规律进行了实验研究,并通过计入液体表面张力引起的孔口收缩和流体黏滞力导致的能量损失对实验结果进行了理论分析,与实验结果一致.     

进气畸变对压气机稳定性的影响

在低速大尺寸单级压气机实验器上,实验研究了动态进气畸变对压气机稳定边界的影响。并采取在静子叶片表面埋入微型压力传感器的方法,分析了压气机流场的动态压力特性。实验结果表明,动态总压畸变的旋转频率和旋转方向对压气机稳定性有很大的影响,当畸变相对转速n在0~+0．5之间时,压气机失速推迟;分析动态压力的频谱特性后知道,在压气机失速前一般存在与失速相关的压力扰动,动态总压畸变影响这种压力扰动,从而影响压气机的不稳定流动状态。     

微腔内气体抽离的多尺度模拟与分析

基于适用于整个克努森数范围的流动理论,建立了去除惯性约束聚变实验中靶丸内空气的理论模型,并设计实验验证了此模型的可靠性。物理实验要求靶丸内空气浓度低于10×10⁻⁶,数值模拟了去除靶丸内空气的过程,重点分析了靶丸内空气浓度、压力与除气时间的关系。计算并比较了单管路一次抽气法、单管路循环抽气法与双管路流洗法三种去除靶丸内空气方法的时间成本。数值计算结果表明：单管路一次抽气法中,靶丸上的微通道的存在对去除靶丸内空气所需时间的影响不可忽略,在考虑靶丸上微通道与充气管的情况下,需要1961.77 h才能使靶丸内的空气浓度达到标准。单管路循环抽气法中,抽气次数与单次抽气程度会影响去除靶丸内空气所需总时间,在单次抽气程度值取最优的情况下,采用充三次,抽四次的方案可使达标总时间减少至1 h左右,此方案下单次充气和抽气时间分别为6 min和10 min。而采用双管路流洗法则仅需11 min便可使靶丸内空气浓度达标。     

Study on the flow resistance of the dispersion system of deformable preformed particle gel in porous media using LBM-DEM-IMB method

After being injected into the porous media, the dispersion system of preformed particle gel (PPG) tends to enter high permeability regions and block water channeling passages, which forces the subsequent water to turn to the low permeability regions and thus increases sweep efficiency and enhances oil recovery. However, it is still unclear about the influence factors and the mechanisms how PPG increases water flow resistance, which limits the application of PPG in more oilfields. Therefore, the paper combines the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the discrete element method (DEM) and the improved immersed moving boundary (IMB) method to simulate the migration of deformable PPG in porous media. On the basis, the paper quantitatively analyzes the variation law of displacement pressure across the porous media and discusses the influence factors such as the PPG diameter, elasticity modulus and the number concentration. Results indicate that, because of the friction and retention of PPG in pore-throat, the displacement pressure across the porous media during PPG flooding is much higher than that during water flooding. In other words, the existence of PPG increases the flow resistance of injected water. Besides, the displacement pressure is always fluctuant resulting from the continuous process of PPG migration, retention, deformation and remigration. Influence factor analysis shows that the incremental value and fluctuation degree of flow resistance increase with the PPG diameter, elasticity modulus and the number concentration. The study not only provides useful reference for future PPG flooding, but also benefits the development of deformable particle flow theory.     

Field Study on Mobility and Persistence of Linuron and Monolinuron in Agricultural Soil

Abstract

A field site equipped with suction cup lysimeters was installed at Treviglio (BG) to assess the migration capacity of the herbicides linuron and monolinuron from topsoil to groundwater and to verify the appearance of their relevant transformation products in soil and water samples. A constant hydraulic head was applied in order to develop water saturation conditions in the upper layers. KCl was used as a tracer to evaluate water infiltration velocity through the vertical soil profile. The constant hydraulic head accelerated infiltration rates, while herbicide concentrations reached maximum contamination because soil adsorption capacity was underdeveloped. The results indicated two main processes of pesticide transport: firstly transport due mainly to water infiltration through macropores; secondly the transport driven by matrix flow. Linuron was found to be the most mobile herbicide, while chloroanilines were found to be the major transformation products of the herbicides considered.     

Radiometrie Investigations into Gas-Solid-Fluidized Beds

Investigations made into a gas-solid-fluidized bed model reactor, aiming at obtaining statements about the spatial and time density distributions within the fluidized bed and the correlation between the state of the turbulent layer and a characteristic measured quantity as well as variation of a physical property of the solid. statisticl evaluation techniques are indispensable, owing to the elementary actions occuring within the fluidized bed reactor and their random nature. Such parameters of the fluidized bed could be determined from a totality of individual measurements for measuring periods of 10 ms per single measurement by use of a miniature measuring probe within the interior of the fluidized bed reactor. This probe consisted of a beta-radition source and a Si-surface barrier-layer detector.     

Verification of the Usefulness of Radiotracing Methods in Hydrodynamic Investigations

In the paper comparison of accuracy of two methods used for investigations of hydrodynamic in continuous flow tanks has been made. Basis for the comparison is the experimental work performed for big industrial wastewater concentration equalization tank. The first method is based on the radiotracer experiment while the second one uses the analysis of response on sudden change of the technological parameters. The radiotracer method has better accuracy connected with the shorter sampling period.

Ks wird die Genauigkeit zweier Methoden zur Untersuchting der Hydrodynamik von kontinuierlich arbeitenden Flüssigkeitsbehältern verglichen. Grundlage dafür sind experimentelle Untersuchungen an groβen Industrieabwasser-Ausgleichsbehältern. Die erste Methode bedient sich der Radiotracertechnik, während die zweite Methode auf einer plötzlichen Veränderung der technologischcn Parameter beruht. Es zeigt sich, daβ die Radiotracermethoden die besseren Ergebnisse liefert, wobei auβerdem noch kürzere Probenaltmeperioden von Vorteil sind.