改进的QGA-ELM算法水稻叶面积指数反演模型

为了通过植被指数(VI)准确、可靠的获取不同施肥梯度、不同品种的水稻叶面积指数(LAI),提出了一种基于改进的QGA-ELM算法应用于水稻LAI反演.首先通过8折交叉验证确定极限学习机(ELM)最佳的隐含层神经元个数与隐含层激活函数类型,再通过引入组合动态旋转角策略、单点混沌交叉操作、混沌变异操作、确定性选择策略、量子...     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定大米中的铅、镉、汞和砷

应用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)一次进样同时测定大米中的铅、镉、汞、砷含量.采用8mL硝酸+2mL过氧化氢的微波消解体系,消解后无需赶酸,定容后直接用ICP-MS测定.实验发现,运用该方法干扰少,速度快,多元素同时分析,重现性好,准确度高.该方法的回收率分别为:Pb:100.9％、Cd:90.1％、Hg:86.1％、As:92.8％.Pb、Cd、Hg、As方法检出限均为0.001ng/mL.     

Effect of sintering temperature on mechanical behaviour and bioactivity of sol-gel synthesized bioglass-ceramics using rice husk ash as a silica source

Bioglass-ceramics with SiO₂-Na₂O-CaO composition was prepared by sol-gel method using rice husk ash as a silica source. Material was sintered at different temperatures ranging from 900 to 1050 °C for 2 h. Phase-formation behaviour, densification characteristics, and mechanical strength of glass-ceramics were investigated. The material sintered at 1000 °C showed a good mechanical strength. Mechanical properties were correlated with microstructural features. Both in vitro bioactivity and biodegradability of sintered material were investigated by incubating in simulated body fluid and Tris buffer solution, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the surface deposition during body fluid incubation. Both bioactivity and degradability decreased with increase in sintering temperature.     

Transfer Operators and State Spaces for Discrete Multidimensional Linear Systems

This paper treats multidimensional discrete input-output systems from the constructive point of view. We adapt and improve recursive algorithms, derived earlier by E. Zerz and the second author from standard Gröbner basis algorithms, for the solution of the canonical Cauchy problem for linear systems of partial difference equations with constant coefficients on the lattices N = ^r1 × ^r2. These recursive algorithms, in turn, furnish four other solution methods for the initial value problem, namely by transfer operators, by canonical Kalman global state equations, by parametrizations of controllable systems and, for systems with proper transfer matrix and left bounded input signals, by convolution with the transfer matrix. In the 2D-case N = ² the last method was studied by S. Zampieri. Minimally embedded systems are studied and give rise to especially simple Kalman equations. The latter also imply a useful characterization of the characteristic or polar variety of the system by eigenvalue spectra. For N = ^r we define reachability of a system and prove that controllability implies reachability, but not conversely. Moreover we solve, in full generality, the modelling problem which was introduced and partially solved by F. Pauer and S. Zampieri. Various algorithms have been implemented by the first author in axiom, and examples are demonstrated by means of computer generated pictures. Related work on state space representations has been done by the Padovian and Groningian system theory schools.     

Fluorometric determination of urea in alcoholic beverages by using an acid urease column-FIA system

An acid urease column was applied to a fluorometric flow-injection analysis (FIA) system as a recognition element for determination of urea in rice wines.

The acid urease has specific properties of showing its catalytic activity in low pH range and tolerance to ethanol in comparison to those of a urease from jack-beans. The enzymes were covalently immobilized onto porous glass beads with controlled pore size and then, packed into a small polymer column. The flow-type of the biosensing system was assembled with a sample injection valve, the immobilized enzyme column, and a flow-through quartz cell attached to a fluorescent spectrophotometer. Citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 5.0) as the carrier solution was continuously pumped through the system. Sample solutions were introduced into the system via a rotary injection valve. A standard urea solution was measured through monitoring variations in fluorescent intensity attributable to fluorescent isoindole derivatives formed by coupling with ammonia molecules released in the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea and orthophthalaldehyde reagents. The fluorescent intensity was measured under the conditions of λ_ex = 415 nm and λ_em = 485 nm. A wide, linear relationship was obtained between the concentration of urea (1.0–100 μM) and the variation in fluorescent intensity. The monitoring did not suffer from ethanol and various amino acids contained in rice wines. Real samples pretreated with ion exchange resins for removal of endogenous ammonia were introduced into the FIA system and urea in the samples was determined. These results were compared with those obtained with use of an F-kit method. The proposed FIA system should present sensitive, selective and convenient analysis of urea in alcoholic beverages.     

On the Ideals of Secant Varieties of Segre Varieties

We establish basic techniques for determining the ideals of secant varieties of Segre varieties.We solve a conjecture of Garcia, Stillman, and Sturmfels on the generators of the ideal of the first secant variety in the case of three factors and solve the conjecture set-theoretically for an arbitrary number of factors. We determine the low degree components of the ideals of secant varieties of small dimension in a few cases.     

On lattices embeddable into subsemigroup lattices. V. Trees

We prove that the class of finite lattices embeddable into the subsemilattice lattices of semilattices which are (n-ary) trees can be axiomatized by identities within the class of finite lattices, whence it forms a pseudovariety.     

Determination of Phenolic Acids in Root Exudates of Allelopathic Rice by Solid Phase Extraction-Ion Chromatography with Conductivity Detection

A simple, effective, and green ion chromatography method with conductivity detection was developed for the determination of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the root exudates of allelopathic rice. The analytes were well separated within 25 min in an anion exchange column (150 mm × 4.0 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) with mixtures of 6.4 m mol L^?1 Na₂CO₃ and 2.0 m mol L^?1 NaHCO₃ as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.7 mL min^?1. Detection limits of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 0.05, 0.20, 0.50, and 0.05 µg mL^?1, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision was ≤4.0% and 3.2%, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day accuracy, indicated by relative error, ranged from ?8.0% to 9.0%. The developed method was successfully used to determine phenolic acids in the root exudates of allelopathic rice. The average recoveries of the analytes were between 90.7% and 103.0%.     

基于实测光谱的植被指数对水稻叶面积指数的响应特征分析

叶面积指数(LAI)是目前最常用的农业生态监测指标,可以为农作物的病虫害监测、作物长势监测、碳循环、生物量估算及作物估产提供依据。植被指数(VI)是卫星LAI产品生产的重要数据源,但不同VIs对植被LAI的响应特征具有一定的差异性。以江西省水稻为例,基于实测光谱提取了水稻实测VIs,结合实测LAI,讨论了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)和修正的土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)四种常见VIs对LAI的响应特征,并与MODIS LAI备用算法的计算结果进行了对比分析,研究了不同VIs用于LAI产品反演的可行性及存在的问题。通过对不同实测VIs-LAI模型精度的评估,分析其应用于LAI反演的适应性,结果显示EVI,SAVI和MSAVI比NDVI有更好的适应性,其中EVI效果最优。此外,通过对比MODIS LAI备用算法查找表,发现针对MODIS LAI备用算法中草地与谷物作物这一地表覆盖大类,在LAI>4时,NDVI出现饱和;而实测水稻作物的NDVI在LAI>2时开始出现饱和;且当NDVI相同时,查找表LAI远大于实测LAI,MODIS备用算法中使用的地表覆盖产品分类过粗可能是造成这一结果的主要原因。因此MODIS LAI备用算法在该区域水稻LAI监测中可能产生较大误差,有必要改用其他VIs优化该备用算法。通过对比分析四种VIs模型对LAI的预测误差,发现EVI,SAVI和MSAVI精度明显优于NDVI,基于EVI的模型平均预测误差仅为MODIS LAI备用算法的1/6,基于实测NDVI反演算法的1/2,因此设计基于EVI的LAI算法对LAI的反演精度有一定的提升空间。