Detection of focal liver lesions in unenhanced and ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison of T2-weighted breath-hold and respiratory-triggered sequences

Purpose

To investigate the image quality and detection rate of focal liver lesions by comparing a T2-weighted breath-hold single-shot sequence and a T2-weighted high spatial resolution fast spin-echo sequence with respiratory triggering via unenhanced and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced liver imaging.

Materials and Methods

The study was approved by the local ethical review board; informed consent was waived. Liver-lesion contrast was measured and a qualitative consensus evaluation of image quality and lesion detection was performed in 42 consecutive patients using a 1.5-T MR system.

Results

The liver-lesion contrast was significantly higher (P<.05) for the respiratory-triggered sequence compared to the breath-hold sequence regarding unenhanced and SPIO-enhanced imaging. The respiratory-triggered sequences revealed significantly higher image quality scores as well as higher numbers of detected liver lesions compared to the breath-hold sequence on unenhanced and SPIO-enhanced imaging. The SPIO contrast did not significantly improve the number of detected lesions on the respective sequences (P>.05).

Conclusion

We find that respiratory-triggered fast spin-echo sequences produce a higher image quality and a more precise liver-lesion detection rate thereby justifying the increased acquisition time necessary for this method.     

Kawasaki disease

Short history of Kawasaki disease, clinical features (principal symptoms and other significant symptoms or findings), diagnosis, cardiovascular involvement, epidemiology. Pathological features (lesion of vessels and lesion of organs exclusive of vessels), comparison between infantile periarteritis nodosa (IPN)/Kawasaki disease and classic periarteritis nodosa (CPN), etiology, treatment and management of Kawasaki disease are described.     

原子吸收光谱法测定5种中草药中K、Cr和Cu的含量

分析中草药中金属元素K、Cr、Cu的含量.选取丹参、当归、党参、鱼腥草和银杏叶5种治疗呼吸系统疾病的中草药,采用湿法消化(HNO3、HClO4),用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定K、Cr、Cu的含量.测量结果表明,鱼腥草中金属元素含量丰富,丹参中K、Cr以及党参的Cu元素在5种中草药中含量最低,鱼腥草中K、Cr、Cu的含量最高,分别为3654.8125±20.9367μg/g、35.0667±0.8872μg/g、102.1475±9.6936μg/g,丹参中K、Cr的含量最低,分别为3334.0000±31.6465μg/g、2.3012±0.2701μg/g,党参中Cu元素含量最低,是44.8250±0.7823μg/g.在5种中草药中K的含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞银杏叶＞党参＞丹参,Cr元素含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞党参＞银杏叶＞丹参,Cu元素含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞丹参＞银杏叶＞党参.各种中草药中金属元素的含量有一定差异(P＜0.05).结论:本实验结果提供了中草药丹参、当归、党参、鱼腥草和银杏叶中金属元素含量的数据,为探讨中草药中金属元素与治疗呼吸系统疾病的关系以及临床上合理有效使用药物提供了科学的依据.     

Z intensity-weighted position self-respiratory gating method for free-breathing 3D cardiac CINE imaging

A free-breathing 3D cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique was developed using the z intensity-weighted position (ZIP) which is the center of mass of a projection along the slice direction as a respiratory gating signal. The ZIP signal was continuously acquired using a slice encoded k-space center sampling in every TR. The performance of this gating method was compared with a method using the k-space center signal (KC) and with conventional 2D breath-hold cine SSFP in healthy subjects by measuring image quality and left ventricular function. The preliminary data obtained here demonstrated that the ZIP gating method provided superior respiratory motion artifact suppression when compared to the KC gating and provided left ventricular ejection fractions, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes similar to those obtained with the breath-hold 2D cine SSFP acquisition.     

近红外光谱技术的小麦条锈病严重度分级识别

小麦条锈病是世界上影响小麦安全生产的一种重要病害。实现小麦条锈病不同严重度叶片快速、准确的分级识别,对于条锈病监测、预测预报和防治措施的制定具有重要意义。通过人工接种获得条锈病不同发病程度小麦叶片,选取8个不同严重度级别(1%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%,80%和100%)叶片各30片和健康小麦叶片30片,利用近红外光谱技术分别获取光谱信息,共获得270条近红外光谱曲线,依据小麦叶片条锈病发病程度的不同,将其分为9个类别。从每个类别中随机选择7~8条光谱曲线作为测试集,共计67条,将剩余的203条光谱曲线作为训练集。利用定性偏最小二乘法建立小麦条锈病不同严重度叶片的定性识别模型。研究分析了不同光谱预处理方法、建模比(训练集:测试集)和建模谱区对所建模型识别效果的影响。结果表明,在4 000～9 000 cm-1谱区范围内,原始近红外光谱数据经中心化预处理后,建模比为3∶1时,采用内部交叉验证法建模,训练集和测试集的总体识别准确率分别为95.57%和97.01%,所建模型识别效果较好。表明基于近红外光谱技术进行小麦条锈病叶片严重度分级识别是可行的,为小麦条锈病的监测和评估提供了一种新方法。     

拉曼光谱技术在病理诊断中的研究进展

拉曼光谱技术能够提供与物质特定分子结构相关的光谱信息,可用于识别生物组织微小的生化变异,具有快速、实时、无损、无需样本预处理等优点,在临床病理诊断领域极具应用前景.与常规组织病理学分析相比,拉曼光谱技术能够直接检测活体组织,简化了分析程序,缩短了诊断时间.人体病变组织的细胞分子组成和结构可能发生变化,这为拉曼光谱技术在...     

基于可见光谱和改进注意力的农作物病害识别

基于可见光谱的农作物病害自动化识别和诊断是一个具有挑战性的研究领域,但现有基于卷积神经网络进行病害识别的研究往往利用深层网络牺牲模型参数量来提高对单一农作物病害识别的准确率,从而造成硬件资源的浪费.为提高农作物病害识别的准确率且避免深层网络的使用,该研究将注意力机制引入农作物病害识别领域,提出了一种基于可见光谱和改进注...     

近五年拉曼光谱技术在宫颈癌中的研究进展

宫颈癌是女性发病率第四位的癌症,如果能早期诊断宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变可大大提高生存率。现有的诊断技术存在假阳性率高、特异度低、灵敏度低、耗时、价格高等问题。拉曼光谱技术是一种可靠的新兴的技术, 它可分析物质的分子结构,还可以分析人体组织的化学成分。在医学研究方面,拉曼成像已成功应用于鼻咽、胃肠、肺、食管、肾、脑癌等。综述总结了近五年拉曼光谱技术在宫颈癌中的关键研究。拉曼技术对宫颈癌的研究已有几十年的历史,近五年的研究在诊断宫颈癌的同时,更深入地研究了炎症因素对诊断的影响、宫颈鳞癌腺癌的区分等。本综述从体内组织学、体外组织学、细胞学以及血液方面分类总结了近五年的文献,还汇总了文章中出现的数据处理方法、激发光波长、拉曼波数及其代表物质。现有文献证明,拉曼光谱对宫颈癌的诊断特异性及准确度均可达到90%以上,不亚于传统HE染色,并且相较于HE染色,拉曼技术拥有免染色、免固定、专业人员需求量少、快速等优点,对于宫颈癌的诊断提供了另一种可行性。然而,拉曼光谱在应用于临床之前,还需要更多的研究及证据来充分论证拉曼光谱在宫颈癌诊断中的作用,我们也期待着能有更多样本数据,更多研究思路的出现。     

A thermochemical study of metabolic pathways in activated and triggered 2C11–12 mouse macrophage hybridoma cells

Hybridization with lymphosarcoma cells immortalized mouse macrophages for the study of phagocytosis and cytobicidal properties. In the study of macrophage physiology, it became necessary to know more of their cellular metabolism and the changes which occurred when the cells were triggered into the respiratory burst. It was found that, in common with many other types of growing cell, activated 2C11-12 macrophage hybridomas produced considerable lactate under fully aerobic conditions, judging from the highly exothermic CR ratio and subsequent spectrophotometric analysis. Most of both the substrates (glucose and glutamine) was converted to lactate, respectively, by glycolysis and glutaminolysis, in the demand for biosythetic precursors during growth. Glucose was the more important energy source. Approximately 60% of heat production was explained in terms of enthalpy changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism. It was suspected that fatty acid oxidation from contaminants in the bovine serum albumin needed for cell culture may be important in catabolism.

The respiratory burst was triggered by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and recorded by greatly (5-fold) increased heat production and enhanced chemiluminescence. Oxygen consumption was very rapid and soon led to anoxia in the closed culture system. The calorimetric-respirometric (CR) ratio was less negative and analysis confirmed that there was less lactate production. Radioisotope studies indicated that glycolysis and glutaminolysis were less intensive, with respiration of glucose accounting for over 90% of the heat production. The imperative for producing NADPH and cytotoxic oxygen metabolites heavily biased catabolism, reducing the supply of biosynthetic precursors. Known sources of heat production accounted for 87% enthalpy recovery and the remainder may well be caused by fatty acid oxidation.     

婴幼儿肺炎并发呼吸衰竭时细胞内外钙浓度AAS法测定

本文采用氧化亚氮-乙炔-原子吸收法测定婴儿、幼儿细胞内外的钙,样品用三氯乙酸沉淀分离作前处理,以硝酸镧消除磷对钙的抑制干扰。本方法适应于医学单位常规分析中微量钙的分析,方法可靠和精确。