土壤与沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的气相色谱-质谱法快速分析

建立了土壤和沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速分析方法.样品经加速溶剂萃取,Bond ElutPCB SPE小柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱测定多氯联苯的总量,方法的平均回收率为84% ～106%,相对标准偏差为4.2% ～8.4%,多氯联苯总量的方法检出限为2.25 ng/g.该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于大部分土壤及沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速筛查分析.     

气相色谱法测定化妆品中二甘醇的含量及其测量不确度评定

采用气相色谱法测定了化妆品中的二甘醇,并用计量学方法对测量不确定度进行了评定。结果显示,二甘醇含量在0.01~0.1 mg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 9,检测限为0.41μg/mL,不同类别的3种样品中二甘醇测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.24%~1.52%范围内(n=6),平均回收率在93.65%~104.36%之间。当啫喱水样品中二甘醇的测定结果为48.1 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为1.4 mg/kg。该方法可用于化妆品中二甘醇含量的质量控制。     

气相色谱仪灵敏度及检测限的测量不确定度评定

按JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJG700-1999《气相色谱仪检定规程》评定了气相色谱仪检测器灵敏度或检测限测量的不确定度。给出了评定灵敏度及检测限的测量不确定度数学模型,并对各不确定度分量进行了评定。浓度型检测器灵敏度或检测限的相对扩展不确定度均为4.4%(k=2),质量型检测器检测限的相对扩展不确定度为3.8%(k=2)。依据JJF1033-2008《计量标准考核规范》采用比对法验证了灵敏度和检测限测量不确定度的合理性。     

顶空气相色谱法测定聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片中氯乙烯单体含量的测量不确定度评定

依据CNAS-GL06,对顶空气相色谱法测定聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片中氯乙烯单体含量的测量不确定度进行系统分析,找出影响测量结果不确定度的主要因素。对各不确定度分量进行了评定和量化,计算了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,聚氯乙烯固体药用硬片中氯乙烯单体含量的测定结果表示为(4.17±0.18)×10-7,k=2。     

液-液萃取衍生气相色谱法测定饮用水中卤乙酸

建立了测定饮用水中5种卤乙酸的检测方法。水样经硫酸酸化、叔丁基甲醚萃取、硫酸-甲醇衍生化后,用气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定。5种卤乙酸平均加标回收率为74.5%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~11.0%(n=6),最低检出限为0.3~15.3μg/L。该法适用于饮用水中卤乙酸的测定。     

氢气的分析方法研究

介绍了低纯度氢气和高纯度氢气的不同分析检测方法。对于纯度小于99.99%的氢气,其分析方法主要有爆炸法、吸收法、膜分离法和气相色谱法;对于纯度大于99.99%的氢气,其分析方法主要有变温浓缩的热导池气相色谱法、配有光电离子化检测器(DID)的气相色谱法和色谱-质谱联用法。     

Solid–liquid–gas equilibrium of the naphthalene–biphenyl–CO2 system: Measurement and modeling

The first and last melting points (FLMP) method was employed to measure the melting temperature–composition (T–w$T–w$) data at solid–liquid–gas (SLG) equilibrium for the naphthalene–biphenyl–CO₂ system. Results show that the system's phase diagram is simple eutectic under all investigated pressures (0.1, 3.0, 6.0 and 8.0 MPa), and the system's eutectic composition is almost constant. The (T–w$T–w$) data measured with a high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry are in good agreement with these from FLMP. The semi-predictive model using solubility data (SMS) and the calculation model combining with G^E models (CMG) for binary systems were extended to this ternary system. For the SMS model, the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule was used to correlate the solubility data of the two solutes in CO₂ to obtain the two interaction parameters k₁₂ and k₁₃ and calculate the fugacity coefficients of the solutes in the liquid and vapor phases; the UNIFAC method was also applied to the activity coefficient of the solutes in the liquid phase. For the CMG model, the PR-EoS combining respectively the MHV1, LCVM, and modified LCVM (mLCVM) mixing rules was applied to the fugacity coefficients of the solutes. Results show that the CMG model with MHV1 gives the best prediction of the system's SLG equilibrium, while the SMS model and the CMG model with mLCVM provide comparable and acceptable results.     

A Flexible Pro‐porous Coordination Polymer: Non‐conventional Synthesis and Separation Properties Towards CO2/CH4 Mixtures

The novel coordination polymers [Cu(Hoxonic)(H₂O)]_n ( 1 ) and [Cu(Hoxonic)(bpy)_0.5]_n ? 1.5 n H₂O ( 2?H₂O ) (H₃oxonic: 4,6‐dihydroxy‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2‐carboxylic acid; bpy: 4,4′‐bipyridine) have been isolated and structurally characterised by ab initio X‐ray powder diffraction. The dense phase 1 contains 1D zig‐zag chains in which Hoxonic dianions bridge square‐pyramidal copper(II) ions, apically coordinated by water molecules. On the contrary, 2?H₂O , prepared by solution and solventless methods, is based on 2D layers of octahedral copper(II) ions bridged by Hoxonic ligands, further pillared by bpy spacers. The resulting pro‐porous 3D network possesses small hydrated cavities. The reactivity, thermal, magnetic and adsorptive properties of these materials have been investigated. Notably, the adsorption studies on 2 show that this material possesses unusual adsorption behaviour. Indeed, guest uptake is facilitated by increasing the thermal energy of both the guest and the framework. Thus, neither N₂ at 77 K nor CO₂ at 195 K are incorporated, and CH₄ is only minimally adsorbed at 273 K and high pressures (0.5 mmol g^?1 at 2500 kPa). By contrast, CO₂ is readily incorporated at 273 K (up to 2.5 mmol g^?1 at 2500 kPa). The selectivity of 2 towards CO₂ over CH₄ has been investigated by means of variable‐temperature zero coverage adsorption experiments and measurement of breakthrough curves of CO₂/CH₄ mixtures. The results show the highly selective incorporation of CO₂ in 2 , which can be rationalised on the basis of the framework flexibility and polar nature of its voids.     

Evaluation of a new electrolytic cold vapor generation system for mercury determination by AFS

In this study we firstly report a new electrolytic cold vapor generation system for mercury determination on Pt/Ti cathode in the presence of organic acid catholyte. Comparing with the traditional inorganic acid, formic acid increased the signal intensity of Hg vapor from electrolytic generation on Pt cathode and reduced the impact of cathode erosion on the stability of signal intensity. Moreover, formic acid has better interference tolerance. The introduction location for carrier gas is probably the most important factor that influences the signal intensity of Hg from electrolytic vapor generation. The effects of the electrolytic conditions and interference ions on the ECVG have been studied. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (3σ) of Hg (II) in aqueous solutions is 1.4 ng L⁻¹; a relative standard deviation of 2.3% for 1 μg L⁻¹ Hg was obtained. The accuracy of this method was verified by the determination of mercury in the certified reference materials. This system has been applied satisfactorily to the determination of Hg in Traditional Chinese Medicines samples.