混合工质HFC134a/HCs替代R502的性能分析

针对目前R502主流替代工质R507和R404A存在的温室效应指数高、与矿物油互溶性差等缺点,提出了环保性能更好的三组近共沸混合工质R134a/R290、R134a/R1270和R134a/R290/R1270作为R502新型替代工质;并对其热物性、循环性能、安全性能和溶油性进行了计算分析。结果表明：除了压缩机排气温度偏高,这三组R134a/HCs混合工质的其它主要循环性能参数如压缩机压力比、容积制冷量和系统性能系数COP都优于R507和R404A,并且从理论上讲不存在可燃可爆的危险,同时可以与矿物油互溶,在替代R502方面更具有优势,其中R134a/R290/R1270在高热负荷下的综合性能最优良。     

Mass-imbalanced Bose-Einstein condensed mixtures in rotating perturbed trap

We consider the mass-imbalanced sensibility for the emergence of vortex patterns in the Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture of rubidium-cesium (⁸⁵Rb-¹³³Cs), confined in quasi-two-dimensional harmonic traps, with one species linearly perturbed in one direction. Non-dipolar coupled species are chosen to highlight mass symmetry effects. We first analyze the condensed mixture in the unperturbed non-rotating regime, where radial phase separation is verified in the immiscible regime, which occurs for large ratio between inter- and intra-species repulsive interactions. By going to the linear perturbed regime, the radial phase separation that occurs in the immiscible condition splits up with the two densities having their maxima at distinct positions. In the rotating regime of both unperturbed and perturbed cases, the minimum rotation is determined in terms of the inter-species interaction to observe vortex structures. In the immiscible regime a dramatic spatial interchange between the species is verified by increasing the rotation.     

一种新型空气源高温热泵的热力学分析

本文提出了一种供热温度为80~100℃的新型空气源高温热泵循环(EIHP),该循环采用非共沸混合工质R290/R600a,利用内部自复叠技术和喷射器提升循环性能。针对EIHP循环建立了相应的热力学计算模型,并与传统热泵循环(CHP)进行了对比研究。根据计算结果,当冷凝器出口温度为100℃,蒸发器出口温度从25℃下降到-10℃时,相较于CHP循环,EIHP循环的COP提高了15%~27%,压缩机压比降低了20%~46%,容积制热量提高了22%~51%。此外,本文还研究了冷凝器出口温度,工质配比等参数对循环性能的影响情况。     

Evaluating the logistic mixture model on real and simulated TG curves

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and explain the fitting of dynamic TG curves by a mixture of logistic functions. This model assumes that more than one physical process may be involved in each mass loss step and that each physical process may extend along all the experiment. One of the main sources of difficulties in TG is that, very often, different stages of decomposition substantially overlap each other. Several real and simulated TG curves were analysed in this paper. An optimal fitting of the TG curves was obtained by a mixture of logistics. In many cases the optimal fitting reproduces accurately the TG curve. Accordingly, the TG curve can be understood as a sum of parallel reactions, where each single reaction is represented by one or a small number of logistic components. Additionally, making use of the analytical derivative of the fitting, a mixture of Arrhenius reaction order equations was applied to the same curves. In all the cases, the fitting obtained with the mixture of Arrhenius was worse than the obtained with the mixture of logistics. A software was developed to automatically perform these tasks. The physical meaning of the fitting was explained.     

L-羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的高效液相色谱分离与质谱分析

研究了三氯氧磷辅助下L-羟脯氨酸的成肽反应,建立了采用反相高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用技术分离鉴定羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的方法,优化了L-羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的色谱分离条件。实验以YWG C8柱(10 μm,250 mm×10 mm)为分离柱,以乙腈-0.06%三氟乙酸水溶液(体积比为2∶98)为流动相进行等度洗脱,在正离子模式下对洗脱物进行了电喷雾电离串联质谱鉴定。结果显示,分离出的各组分分别为L-羟脯氨酸二肽、L-羟脯氨酸环二肽和L-羟脯氨酸三肽。     

气固射流床射流深度的研究

在３００×５１×２６００ｍｍ的二维射流床中，采用多路毕托管测试系统，对包括三种双组份混合物在内的五种物料的射流深度进行了考察。结果表明，射流管径、射流气速对射流深度都有影响，本文尤其考察了环隙气量与射流深度的关系，发现在同样的射流气速下，环隙气速增大则射流深度降低，得出了综合各种影响因素的关联式。     

SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURES THROUGH COPOLYMERIC MEMBRANES: Ⅰ. ACRYLIC ACID AND ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER AND ITS IONIZED MEMBRANES

The copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile has been synthesized and pervaporation properties of the copolymeric membranes have been investigated. In order to elucidate the influence of membrane-permeate interaction on the pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures and to prepare much improved membranes, the membranes have been treated with alkali metal, alkali earth metal and transition metal salt aqueous solutions. The treated membranes (ionized membranes) exhibited higher separation factors than the untreated membranes. The separation factors of various alkali metal cation membranes decreased in the following order : Li~+>Na~+>K~+, and the permeation rates showed an opposite tendency. The dependence of pervaporation behavior on the copolymer composition ,feed concentration and operating temperature have been studied with both ionized and non-ionized membranes. The apparent activation energies of water and ethanol permeation were calculated.     

Critical behaviour of the order parameters at the SmC* to SmA phase transition in a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture

Critical behaviour of the order parameters has been investigated in the ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture ZLI‐3654 in a 7.5 µm thick planar cell. The temperature dependence of the primary (tilt angle) and secondary (spontaneous polarisation) order parameters is considered. The critical exponent (β) has been evaluated from the fitting of the temperature dependence of the experimental data for both tilt angle and spontaneous polarisation. Experimental results are compared with the predictions of the de Gennes and Landau models.     

高浓度无机盐对正负离子等摩尔混合表面活性剂表面活性的影响

一般认为无机盐对等链长正负离子表面活性剂等摩尔混合体系的表面活性没有明显影响.通过测定等摩尔癸基三乙基溴化铵和癸烷磺酸钠混合体系在卤化钠(NaX,X=F^-,Cl^-,Br^-,I^-)溶液中的表面活性,发现高浓度的无机盐具有明显影响,使混合表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)降低,水溶液的最低表面张力(γ_cmc)升高.无机盐的影响程度随NaX中X的离子半径增加而增大.可通过无机反离子对正负离子表面活性剂头基之间吸引作用的"屏蔽"及"盐析"作用对结果加以解释.     

Non-bilayer formation in the DPPE-DPPG vesicle system induced by deep rough mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide

The vesicle system consisting of 80 mol% dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and 20 mol% dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) undergoes to structural changes caused by various concentrations of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phenomenon was investigated by methods applying small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), calorimetry (DSC) and freeze-fracture. In the low LPS concentration regime (investigated at 0.02 LPS/DPPE–DPPG molar ratio) a phase separation was observed. Two kind of domains are formed which are rich and poor in DPPE and in these domains cubic and lamellar structures are present, respectively. Increasing the LPS concentration up to 0.1 LPS/DPPE–DPPG molar ratio the phase separation is more expressed and the temperature domains of the phase transitions are more different. Increasing the temperature chain melting of the lamellar phase occurs first and destruction of the cubic phase is observed later. At high LPS concentration (equimolar ratio of LPS/DPPE–DPPG), where this amphiphilic molecule cannot be considered any more a guest molecule, the cubic structure dominates the phase behaviour of the LPS molecules.