基于生物光学模型的水面薄油膜厚度的高光谱遥感反演实验研究

研究水表薄油膜厚度与其反射率光谱之间的变化规律,对于分析海洋油膜污染和油气勘探的遥感探测机理具有十分重要的意义。建立了水面薄油膜厚度的生物光学模型,并介绍了单波段和双波段比值简化算法反演薄油膜厚度信息的方法。通过对原油样品进行油膜厚度定量反演,研究了遥感反射率随水表油膜厚度的变化规律。研究发现,可见光到近红外波段(450～800nm)反射率对油膜厚度变化最为敏感,有很高的负相关关系,并且随着油膜厚度的增加呈负指数形态下降。对于浅水环境较混浊的水体,ETM1/ETM3双波段比值模型可以较好的消除线性天空散射光的影响,克服单波段反演模型在不同水质背景下反演效果不稳定的特点,其反演结果的复相关系数R2可以达到0.98,是水表薄油膜厚度遥感探测的较好波段选择。     

基于单叶反射光谱的转基因大麦光合特性分析

反射光谱分析可为植物叶片生理学过程、叶片表面及内部生化组分、结构特征等提供丰富信息。本文以转基因大麦及其原始栽培种为材料,基于单叶反射光谱检测研究了转基因大麦的反射光谱特征及指数的变化。研究结果表明,将不同大麦叶片反射率配对求得反射率比值曲线易于探查出不同大麦品系间反射光谱差异,且转基因大麦与传统对照差异较大的区域主要集中在650～700nm的红谷及红边位置附近,该波段的光谱反射率可能对外源基因的插入扰动反应敏感;而在550nm附近的绿峰及750nm以上近红外区的反射率基本无明显变化。反射光谱指数λRE,mND,SIPI,RRed/RGreen,PRI及NIRR800的差异性变化呈现出时间特性且取决于品系。如上述指数显著变化将意味着植物光合生理过程、功能及状态发生改变。     

Multivariate analysis of reflectance spectra from propolis: Geographical variation in Romanian samples

The present study described reflectance spectroscopy as a suitable analytical tool to discriminate the floral origin of 39 Romanian propolis samples. Relevant differences between the UV-vis reflectance spectra of the investigated propolis samples within the 220-850 nm spectral range were found. The results obtained applying cluster analysis, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to the digitized data of zero order, zero order normalized and first order derivative spectra support the reliability of this technique. In addition, the application of the linear discriminant analysis to the score matrices corresponding to the first principal components appeared to be an illuminating solution. Generally, the samples have been assigned to two large groups in a good agreement with their vegetal sampling location, samples originating from predominant forest area and samples originating from meadows. Within the first group, two subgroups were identified according to the dominant type of the forest, deciduous or resinous, while within the last group three subgroups were found according to the extend and variety of the meadow.     

Stability indicating method for the determination of paracetamol in its pharmaceutical preparations by TLC densitometric method

Simple, sensitive and accurate thin layer procedure was described for a quantitative determination of paracetamol in its bulk powder and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its degradation product. The method consists of dissolving the drug in methanol and then spotting the solution on a thin layer of silica gel G254. Paracetamol was separated on silica gel using the mixture of the mobile phase, ethyl acetate: benzene: acetic acid in a ratio (1:1:0.05 v/v/v).Absorbance measurements (detection of reflectance) of the separated drug were carried out at 250 nm. Calibration curves were established in the concentration range of 5–20 mcg/spot for paracetamol. Quantitation is achieved by comparing the area under the peaks obtained from scanning the thin layer chromatographic plates in a spectrodensitometer. The method has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical preparations (capsules) and the results obtained were statistically compared with those obtained by applying the reference method.     

三亚鹿回头海域疣状杯形珊瑚反射率光谱分析

珊瑚礁地物光谱特征是珊瑚礁遥感研究的理论基础,可以作为遥感定性和定量研究珊瑚礁的依据。采用我国南海三亚湾鹿回头海域的优势物种疣状杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora verrucosa)为研究对象,用光纤光谱仪测量其反射率光谱。利用珊瑚反射率光谱和导数分析的方法研究了健康和白化两种状态下疣状杯形珊瑚的反射率光谱的差异。研究分析的结果显示:健康疣状杯形珊瑚的反射率光谱,在波长580,604.7和647 nm处出现了特征波峰,在波长669 nm处出现一个显著的波谷;白化疣状杯形珊瑚的反射率光谱明显高于健康疣状杯形珊瑚的反射率光谱,但是其波形相对较为平缓,在波长663 nm处存在一个相对较弱的波谷。反射率光谱导数分析发现健康与白化疣状杯形珊瑚存在多个可区分波段,其中主要可区分波段包括:一阶导数,404~425,456~466,513~532,563~568和661~667 nm等;二阶导数,408~420,542~556,563~573,615~634和687~695 nm等;四阶导数,402~418,466~472,478~481,617~622和684~689 nm等。     

A comparison between optical properties of TiO2 nanowires obtained by EMA method and experiment

Optical properties of TiO₂ nanowires, synthesized by two-step thermal evaporation process, have been studied experimentally and theoretically. Based on the theoretical method optical constants of nanowires have been calculated with the use of the effective medium approximation (EMA). As evidenced by X-ray diffraction patterns our synthesized nanowires, whose diameters and lengths were within the ranges of 50-90 nm and 500-1500 nm, respectively, were found to be crystalline rutile TiO₂ with the major refraction being along the (1 1 0) direction. The experimental data of the reflectance of TiO₂ nanowires has been obtained using spectrometer in wavelength 250-800 nm, and then, compared with the spectrum of reflectance predicted by the EMA theoretical model. Our measured experimental optical data has been found to be in good accord with our predicted results spectrum with the use of the EMA modeling; this agreement indicates that our estimation of the volume fraction from atomic force microscopy (AFM) data was accurate.     

An automatic optosensing device for the simultaneous determination of resveratrol and piceid in wines

Despite the increasing number of usage of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in optical sensor application, the correlation between the analytical signals and the binding isotherms has yet to be fully understood. This work investigates the relationship between the signals generated from MIPs sensors to its respective binding affinity variables generated using binding isotherm models. Two different systems based on the imprinting of metal ion and organic compound have been selected for the study, which employed reflectance and fluorescence sensing schemes, respectively. Batch binding analysis using the standard binding isotherm models was employed to evaluate the affinity of the binding sites. Evaluation using the discrete bi-Langmuir isotherm model found both the MIPs studied have generally two classes of binding sites that was of low and high affinities, while the continuous Freundlich isotherm model has successfully generated a distribution of affinities within the investigated analytical window. When the MIPs were incorporated as sensing receptors, the changes in the analytical signal due to different analyte concentrations were found to have direct correlation with the binding isotherm variables. Further data analyses based on this observation have generated robust models representing the analytical performance of the optical sensors. The best constructed model describing the sensing trend for each of the sensor has been tested and demonstrated to give accurate prediction of concentration for a series of spiked analytes.     

不同的光透明剂对在体人皮肤组织光学透明的反射光谱研究

研究了经三种不同类型的透明剂处理后的在体人皮组织在波长为400～1 000 nm范围内随时间变化反射光谱特性的变化及各组于580 nm处分别在0～60 min时间段各组反射光谱的改变程度.实验采用USB-4000光纤光谱仪分别获取经丙三醇、葡萄糖及丙二醇处理在体人皮肤组织前后的在0,10,20,30,40,50和60 ...     

颗粒度对不同煤种可见光-近红外光谱的影响

煤炭是我国最主要的能源,在开采、运输、洗选加工、精煤储运等过程中都需要及时了解煤的成分、含量以及混矸程度,以便掌握和监控煤炭质量。目前,基于可见光-近红外反射光谱的煤炭原位测试技术已经成为一个研究热点。颗粒度是影响光谱特征的重要因素,开展颗粒度对不同煤种反射光谱特征的影响研究,对于深刻认识煤的光谱特征,进而提高煤光谱识别精度具有重要意义。为此,选取我国主要煤炭富集区（包括内蒙古乌海、新疆哈密、山西阳泉）的褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤为研究对象,利用SVC HR-1024光谱仪对不同颗粒度煤样的可见光-近红外光谱进行测试,分析了颗粒度对煤样光谱反射率的影响规律,以及颗粒度对于不同煤种光谱影响的差异。在此基础上,对实验现象背后的物理机理进行了分析讨论。研究表明,变质程度不同的煤反射光谱特征基本相似,即在可见光波段反射率较低且随波长增加出现缓慢下降趋势,在近红外波段快速上升。当煤样颗粒度>0.10 mm时,颗粒度大小对光谱特征的影响较小,煤样反射光谱特征随颗粒度变化规律不明显;当颗粒度<0.10 mm时,颗粒度对煤样的光谱影响增大,且影响主要体现在近红外波段的反射率光谱曲线的斜率大小,颗粒度越小,光谱反射率曲线斜率越大。0.10 mm颗粒度可作为颗粒度对煤的光谱特征影响的敏感界限。不同煤种可见光-近红外光谱曲线受颗粒度的影响程度不同,褐煤的影响最大,烟煤次之,无烟煤影响最小。实验表明,利用反射光谱进行煤质分析和煤种识别时需要考虑颗粒度的影响,同时,选择颗粒度小于0.10 mm的粉末状样品效果要好于大颗粒或块状样品。     

Visible,near-infrared and infrared optical properties of silica aerogels

Silica aerogel is an excellent thermal insulation material with a low thermal conductivity and a high porosity and has attracted great concern in applications. This paper was to experimentally investigate the optical properties of optically thick silica aerogel in the visible, near-infrared and infrared spectrum region. The fiber-loaded silica aerogel sample was prepared through sol–gel technique and supercritical drying process. Silica fibers were added into the aerogel during the preparation procedure to strength the skeleton of aerogel. As a comparison with the fiber-load silica aerogel, a silica fiber composite sample with the same chemical component and different physical structure was also prepared. A simplified two-flux model neglecting the boundary effect was used to describe the radiation propagation characteristics inside the samples. The spectral normal-hemispherical reflectances, transmittances, and normal emittances of silica aerogel and silica fiber samples were measured and compared in the wavelengths of 0.38–15 μm. Then the spectral optical constants of samples were determined using the experimental data. The spectral absorption and scattering coefficients of silica aerogel were within (0.01 cm⁻¹, 31.0 cm⁻¹) and (1.4 cm⁻¹, 25.8 cm⁻¹). The results showed that the spectrum region where the scattering coefficient is low usually corresponds to a high absorption coefficient. In addition, the total radiation properties of samples were predicted at high temperatures. The analysis of optical properties of silica aerogel is necessary to provide valuable data in applications.