In vitro cell irradiation systems based on 210Po alpha source: construction and characterisation

One way of studying the risk to human health of low-level radiation exposure is to make biological experiments on living cell cultures.

Two ²¹⁰Po -particle emitting devices, with 0.5 and 100 MBq activity, were designed and constructed to perform such experiments irradiating monolayers of cells. Estimates of dose rate at the cell surface were obtained from measurements by a PIPS -particle spectrometer and from calculations by the SRIM 2000, Monte Carlo charged particle transport code. Particle fluence area distributions were measured by solid state nuclear track detectors. The design and dosimetric characterisation of the devices are discussed.     

VARIATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION CROSSLINKED RUBBER WITH STORAGE TIME

The effect of storage on physico-chemical properties of non-irradiated natural rubber and radiation vulcanized natural rubber （RVNR） were evaluated. The rubber films were stored under two different conditions, namely in open air and sealed polyethylene bags. The antioxidant, tris（nonylated phenyl） phosphite （TNPP） was used for preventing degradation of RVNR films. Gel content, cross-link density, tensile strength at break and 500% elongation of rubber films were measured. The results show that the retention （%） of tensile properties of rubber films with TNPP is higher than that of rubber films without antioxidants. The rubber films stored in polyethylene bags also show better retention of tensile properties than those of rubber films stored in open air.     

Radiation preparation and thermo-response swelling of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel composed of PNIPAAm and PMMA

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composed of hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized by sequential IPN method using γ-rays from ⁶⁰Co source. Compared with pure PNIPAAm hydrogel, PNIPAAm/ PMMA IPN hydrogel not only behaved with obvious temperature sensitivity, but also had higher mechanical strength. The shrinking rate of the prepared IPN hydogel was slower than that of PNIPAAm hydrogel and the relative shrinkage was higher than that of PNIPAAm hydrogel. The IPN hydrogel with less PMMA was not stable while with more PMMA it was quite stable. In addition, the release of Methylene Blue (MB) from the IPN hydrogel was slower than that from PNIPAAm hydrogel as well.     

Industrial irradiator radiation safety program assessments

Considerable attention is typically given to radiation safety in the design of irradiators and initially establishing the program. However, one component that may not receive enough attention is applying the continuous improvement philosophy to the radiation safety program. Periodic total program assessments of radiation safety can ensure that the design and implementation of the program continues to be applicable to the operations. The first step in the process must be to determine what is to be covered in the program assessment. While regulatory compliance audits are a component, the most useful evaluation will extend beyond looking only at compliance and determine whether the radiation safety program is the most appropriate for the particular operation. Several aspects of the irradiator operation, not all of which may routinely be considered “radiation safety”, per se, should be included: Design aspects of the irradiator and operating system, system controls, and maintenance procedures, as well as the more traditional radiation safety program components such as surveys, measurements and training.     

CFETR 中性束注入系统概念设计

为了满足中国核聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)对等离子体加热和电流驱动的要求,从总体布局、束传输 系统、束源系统三方面进行了中性束注入系统的概念设计。利用参数计算的方法,根据聚变等离子体的要求明确 了中性束注入系统的性能指标和基本布局;利用束传输空间分布程序评估了束传输性能,确定了各功能部件的空 间布局结构;在此基础上,确定了束源系统的性能指标和引出系统布局方式,结合当前研发进展,明确了束源的 基本技术方案。由此完成了中性束注入系统参数指标、束传输关键尺寸、束源性能指标等设计要求,为后续工程 设计奠定了基础。     

传声器阵列声压级在线校准*

在户外环境中对某一目标噪声源进行声压级测量时,由于单个传声器不能在多声源干扰情况下有效监测目标信号,为了有效抑制非目标信号的干扰,通常利用传声器阵列进行波束形成从而对目标信号进行增强。MEMS传声器阵列由于体积小,价格低等优点而得到广泛使用,为了解决在户外进行噪声监测时,MEMS然而MEMS传声器阵列器件的工艺误差和灵敏度退化问题会导致波束形成滤波器的性能下降存在由器件工艺误差和老化所导致的声压级测量不准确问题,从而影响声压级的测量结果。为了解决这一问题,本文介绍了一种通过比较补偿参考传声器与传声器阵列之间的测量声压级之偏差进行从而实时在线校准的方法。该方法利用TDOA多声源定位方法在时频点上对实时采集的信号对所采集的信号在时频点上挑选有效目标信号进行有效挑选,并利用参考传声器的标准频响特性去修正阵列的声压级测量误差值。为了验证方法的可行性,本文通过实验比较了不同环境噪声干扰下的测量声压级差与无干扰条件下的测量声压级差的一致性,结果证明该校准方法在具有较好高的精确性和鲁棒性,并且可推广于任意一种阵型的传声器阵列声源定位装置噪声监测装置。     

含氘电极真空弧等离子体空间分布特性诊断研究

真空弧放电等离子体含有多种离子成分,并且各离子在空间上具有不同的分布规律.本文针对金属氘化物电极真空弧离子源,搭建了一台紧凑型磁分析装置,用来研究放电等离子体中氘离子与金属离子的空间分布.当离子源弧流为100 A左右时,该装置能有效地传输引出束流,并且具有较好的二次电子抑制效果,可准确获得各离子流强.利用该装置测量并获得了氘化钛含氘电极真空弧放电等离子体内氘离子和钛离子空间分布规律,结果表明:径向上,氘离子和钛离子都呈高斯分布,但氘离子分布均匀,而钛离子相对集中在轴线附近,导致轴线附近氘离子比例最低;轴向上,所有离子数量都以自然指数函数减少,而且相对幅度接近,所以氘离子比例几乎不变.本文研究结果不仅有助于理解真空弧放电等离子体膨胀过程,还可以指导金属氘化物电极真空弧离子源及其引出设计.     

二维球坐标系中子输运方程的一种并行SN算法

针对二维球坐标系下中子输运方程的SN算法, 提出基于(单元, 方向)二元组的有向图模型, 在已有的基于有向图的并行流水线算法基础上, 设计粒度可控多级并行SN算法。其中, 采用区域分解和并行流水线相结合的方式挖掘空间-角度方向的并行度, 提出能群流水并行方法, 并通过设置合适的流水线粒度来平衡有向图调度、通信和空闲等待开销。实验结果表明: 该算法可以有效地求解二维球坐标系下的中子输运方程。在某国产并行机1920核上, 对于96万网格、60个方向、24能群、数十亿自由度的典型中子输运问题, 获得了71%的并行效率。     

一种分焦平面偏振成像系统光源标定方法北大核心CSCD

水下偏振成像技术是目前水下成像研究的热点,由于自然光在水中衰减大,水下成像系统多采用主动照明方式。针对分焦平面偏振成像系统中偏振照明光源与偏振探测像元偏振方向不匹配引起采集图像偏振信息存在的偏差,进而影响目标图像增强质量的问题,提出了一种分焦平面偏振成像系统光源标定方法。阐述了偏振光源的标定原理,然后给出偏振光源标定的实施步骤,最后采用偏振去雾算法和图像质量评价方法对标定前后的水下目标图像进行了图像增强和图像质量评价。评价结果表明,标定后的增强图像质量优于未标定的增强图像质量,平均梯度最大提升了2.48倍。该标定方法简单有效,实用性强,适用于分焦平面偏振成像系统偏振光源标定。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定饮用水源水中24种VOCs

建立了同时测定饮用水源水中24种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法.用75 μm CarboxenTM-Polydimethylsiloxane(CAR-PDMS)固相微萃取柱顶空萃取水样中的VOCs,VOCs用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,采用内标法定量.对萃取柱涂层、样品盐度、萃取温度和萃取时间等样品前处理条件进行了优化,VOCs的检出限在0.03～0.31 μg/L之间,线性相关系数r＞0.996(二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷除外).对饮用水源水实际水样0.50μg/L和1.00 μg/L两个加标浓度水平的回收率进行了测定,三氯甲烷回收率均值分别为104％和142％,其余VOCs回收率分别为90.0％～120％和88.0％～110％,除二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷外,其余VOCs测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于15.0％(n=6).该方法适用于饮用水源水中挥发性有机物的监测分析.