Design of a stripline kicker for tune measurement in CSNS RCS

For CSNS RCS tune measurement, tune value is measured by exciting the bunch with a strip-line kicker fed with white noise and using a FFT algorithm. This article simulates the strip-line kicker in RCS and the efficiency of the kicker is discussed in a Matlab environment. The parameters of the kicker with an arc electrode structure such as a VSWR, wake impedance, and thermal state are analyzed based on the advantages of this design.     

Reconstruction of the acoustic impedance profile in a plate using an inverse spectral procedure

An inverse spectral procedure was applied to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile along the thickness direction of a plate using its thickness resonance frequencies, density and thickness. For a successful reconstruction, the material-property profile must be symmetric about the mid-plane of the plate. Several cases of numerical simulations, including plates with a few layers and with a high number of layers are described. The calculated resonance frequencies were used to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile, a process that was successful for all cases. We assume that a plate with a high number of layers, each with a different but constant acoustic impedance, simulates a plate with a smoothly varying acoustic impedance profile. It can be concluded that such a plate, which generates small, virtually undetectable, internally reflected waves, can also be reconstructed. In the special case of a plate of unknown thickness and unknown but constant density, the method is still useful, because a relative variation of the material property can be reconstructed using only the resonance frequencies. An experiment using a resonance-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (resonance-mode EMAT) is also described. EMAT is a non-contact ultrasonic method that can measure thickness resonance frequencies, making it appropriate for this method. Some examples of applications are measurement of the temperature profile inside a rolled metal sheet, measurement of a clad metal plate, and monitoring of a metal casting.     

Swelling and structure of radiation induced near-surface damage in CR-39 and its chemical etching

Systematic measurements of swelling of CR-39 nuclear track detector (NTD) due to irradiation with fission fragments and alpha particles over a wide range of fluences from ²⁵²Cf are presented here. Precisely designed and optimized exposure and chemical etching experiments were employed to unfold the structure of radiation induced surface damage. Delays in the startup of the chemical etching of latent tracks in low radiation fluence detectors are measured and are found to contain important information about structure of the surface damage. Simple atomic scale pictures of radiation induced surface damage and its chemical etching are developed using measurements of radiation induced swelling of CR-39 detectors and nuclear track parameters. The computer code SRIM2010 was utilized for the calculations of basic features of latent tracks of fission fragments and alpha particles in CR-39. Another computer code TRACK_VISION was used to compute parameters of etched tracks. Computations and experimental findings in the paper coherently compose a realistic picture of radiation damage.     

Homogeneous interface-type resistance switching in Au/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/SrTiO3/F:SnO2 heterojunction memories

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films are fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide conducting glass substrates by a pulsed laser deposition technique with SrTiO3 used as a buffer layer. The current-voltage characteristics of the heterojunetions exhibit an asymmetric and resistance switching behaviour. A homogeneous interface-type conduction mechanism is also reported using impedance spectroscopy. The spatial homogeneity of the charge carrier distribution leads to field- induced potential-barrier change at the Au-La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 interface and a concomitant resistance switching effect. The ratio of the high resistance state to the low resistance state is found to be as high as 1.3 x 10^4% by simulating the AC electric field. This colossal resistance switching effect will greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio in nonvolatile memory applications.     

Cloud and aerosol contributions to variation in shortwave surface irradiance over East Asia in July during 2001 and 2007

It is important to clarify the contributions of clouds and aerosols to the variation of surface shortwave irradiance (S) for climatological studies. This study examined the contributions of clouds and aerosols to the variation in S over East Asia (75-135°E, 20-55°N) in July during 2001 and 2007 using the index of potential radiative forcing (PRF) to characterize the temporal and geographical variations. After confirming the validity of PRF for multiyear analyses, we performed several temporal analyses of clouds and aerosols over the whole research domain. Changes in the geographical distribution, contribution histograms, and averaged values were studied. In agreement with previous studies that treated single-year cases, we confirmed that the magnitudes of the temporal changes in S variations due to clouds and aerosols were highly variable geographically. As for domain-averaged S variations, we did not observe defined trends for the research period. It was also found that the temporal variation between one parameter and its S variation was negatively correlated, from the point analyses at two locations. Based on these results, we concluded that PRF is a promising tool for research into long-term S variations. This kind of information will be quite valuable as basic data for use in climate modeling.     

单源单极等离子体天线辐射特性实验研究

为了对等离子体天线进行更深入的研究,必须结合实验获得其真实辐射特性,为此搭建了天线辐射特性测量平台,对单源单极等离子体天线的辐射特性进行了详细的实验研究。通过测量辐射远场区接收天线感应电压数据,得出了天线的辐射方向图、主旁瓣宽度和方向系数;通过与金属天线的辐射场最大值对比,得出了天线的辐射效率;通过测量输入功率和反射功率得出了天线的输入阻抗。此项工作弥补了在等离子体天线研究中实验研究不足的问题。     

A systems feedback representation of piezoelectric transducer operational impedance

An analysis of thickness-mode piezoelectric transducer impedance under a variety of mechanical load conditions is presented. A wideband, systems model is used to describe this impedance, which is representative of the electrical input impedance in the transmitting mode and the electrical output impedance for the receiving mode.For a fixed input voltage, the total current flowing through the transducer is considered as the vector sum of two current quantities. Firstly, an input current arising directly from the applied voltage source and secondly, a feedback current, which is generated by secondary piezoelectric action. By treating the problem in this manner, an extremely valuable insight into the nature of the electrical characteristics is provided. Complex variations in the impedance behaviour are readily explained and the physical processes that contribute to such deviations are clearly isolated.     

Verification of radiotherapy doses by EPR dosimetry in patients' teeth

The aim of this work was to verify applicability of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ex vivo dosimetry in teeth enamel for determination of doses absorbed by patients during radiotherapy with radiation fields covering head regions and to examine with what accuracy the doses predicted by radiotherapy treatment plan (RTP) can be confirmed by doses measured ex post by the EPR method. The doses were determined in 22 enamel samples obtained from 11 patients who, after their radiotherapy treatment underwent extraction of teeth due to medical reasons. The delivered doses were determined by measuring EPR signals in enamel samples from the extracted teeth; magnitude of these signals is proportional to concentration of stable free radicals induced by radiation in the hydroxyapatite content of enamel. The measured doses were compared with doses planned in the teeth locations by RTP systems. The relation between the measured (D_m) and the planned (D_p) doses can be described as a linear function: D_m = s·D_p + b, with the slope s = 0.93 ± 0.03 and the intercept b = 0.67 ± 1.26. The deviations between the measured and calculated doses were in the (−12.6%, +1.9%) range with the average deviation of – 4.6%. It is concluded, than more accurate measurements, achievable when using a higher calibration dose than in the present study, are necessary to confirm or to deny the observed bias between the measured and planned doses.     

Wavenumber space and physical space responses of a periodically ribbed plate to a point drive: A discrete approach

An efficient technique to estimate the vibration of and sound radiation from a stiffened fluid-loaded plate excited by a mechanical point force is presented. The process is based on the formulation in the wavenumber domain of the transversal displacement of the plate and of the acoustic pressure in the fluid domain. Analytical expressions can be easily obtained for these fields in the case of an infinite plate with stiffeners uniformly spaced. The approach consists then on using the discrete Fourier Transform to deduce the associated fields in the physical space. This transform necessitates truncation of the wavenumber domain and sampling of these wavenumber fields with adequate criterions to avoid loss of information and aliasing. These criterions are discussed in this paper concerning displacement point results on the plate and pressure point results in a part of the fluid domain “close to” the plate. This technique requires relatively small computing time and provides an efficient tool to analyse the vibro-acoustic behaviour of the stiffened plate, both, in the physical and the wavenumber spaces. A comparison between a case discussed in the literature and some examples are presented to illustrate the validity and interests of this approach.