Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Acidemia Using Electronic Fetal Monitoring Recording Parameters

Background: Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is the universal method for the surveillance of fetal well-being in intrapartum. Our objective was to predict acidemia from fetal heart signal features using machine learning algorithms. Methods: A case–control 1:2 study was carried out compromising 378 infants, born in the Miguel Servet University Hospital, Spain. Neonatal acidemia was defined as pH < 7.10. Using EFM recording logistic regression, random forest and neural networks models were built to predict acidemia. Validation of models was performed by means of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Results: Best performance was attained using a random forest model built with 100 trees. The discrimination ability was good, with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.865. The calibration showed a slight overestimation of acidemia occurrence for probabilities above 0.4. The clinical utility showed that for 33% cutoff point, missing 5% of acidotic cases, 46% of unnecessary cesarean sections could be prevented. Logistic regression and neural networks showed similar discrimination ability but with worse calibration and clinical utility. Conclusions: The combination of the variables extracted from EFM recording provided a predictive model of acidemia that showed good accuracy and provides a practical tool to prevent unnecessary cesarean sections.     

Unitarity and Page Curve for Evaporation of 2D AdS Black Holes

We explore the Hawking evaporation of two-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS2), dilatonic black hole coupled with conformal matter, and derive the Page curve for the entanglement entropy of radiation. We first work in a semiclassical approximation with backreaction. We show that the end-point of the evaporation process is AdS2 with a vanishing dilaton, i.e., a regular, singularity-free, zero-entropy state. We explicitly compute the entanglement entropies of the black hole and the radiation as functions of the horizon radius, using the conformal field theory (CFT) dual to AdS2 gravity. We use a simplified toy model, in which evaporation is described by the forming and growing of a negative mass configuration in the positive-mass black hole interior. This is similar to the “islands” proposal, recently put forward to explain the Page curve for evaporating black holes. The resulting Page curve for AdS2 black holes is in agreement with unitary evolution. The entanglement entropy of the radiation initially grows, closely following a thermal behavior, reaches a maximum at half-way of the evaporation process, and then goes down to zero, following the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole. Consistency of our simplified model requires a non-trivial identification of the central charge of the CFT describing AdS2 gravity with the number of species of fields describing Hawking radiation.     

Analysis of Vicinal Water in Soft Contact Lenses Using a Combination of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution

In this paper, we propose a new spectroscopic method to explore the behavior of molecules near polymeric molecular networks of water-containing soft materials such as hydrogels. We demonstrate the analysis of hydrogen bonding states of water in the vicinity of hydrogels (soft contact lenses). In this method, we apply force to hydrated contact lenses to deform them and to modulate the ratio between the signals from bulk and vicinal regions. We then collect spectra at different forces. Finally, we extracted the spectra of the vicinal region using the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) method. We report the hydration states depending on the chemical structures of hydrogels constituting the contact lenses.     

Li+与线性碳链HC2n-体系相互作用的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和多体微扰理论(MP2),对Li 与线性碳链HC2n-形成的体系HC2nLi(n=1~8,C∞v)的平衡几何构型、谐振动频率、第一绝热电离能和结合能进行了研究并计算了HC2n-与Li 之间相互作用的势能曲线。计算结果表明,Li 可与线性碳链HC2n-形成稳定的化合物HC2nLi;化合物的电离能和结合能与体系大小n之间存在非线性关系。基于计算结果,得到了体系的绝热电离能和结合能与体系大小n的解析表达式。     

NANOMECHANICAL MAPPING OF CARBON BLACK REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has the advantage of obtaining mechanical properties as well as topographic information at the same time. By analyzing force-distance curves measured over two-dimensional area using Hertzian contact mechanics, Young＇s modulus mapping was obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. Furthermore, the sample deformation by the force exerted was also estimated from the force-distance curve analyses. We could thus reconstruct a real topographic image by incorporating apparent topographic image with deformation image. We applied this method to carbon black reinforced natural rubber to obtain Young＇s modulus distribution image together with reconstructed real topographic image. Then we were able to recognize three regions; rubber matrix, carbon black （or bound rubber） and intermediate regions. Though the existence of these regions had been investigated by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, this paper would be the first to report on the quantitative evaluation of the interfacial region in real space.     

铁阳极在浓NaOH溶液中的极化特征

使用极化曲线、电解曲线对纯铁电极在浓NaOH 溶液中的极化过程进行了研究. 结果表明, 碱溶液温度越高, 碱浓度越低,电流密度越高, 铁阳极越容易发生钝化;但在某些情况下, 铁电极出现钝化的现象很微弱甚至观察不到.电解法制备高铁酸盐的适宜条件为, 温度25-35 ℃, 极化电流密度≤4.7 mA·cm-2, 碱浓度≥ 14.5 mol·L-1. 用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了上述极化过程中电极表面的阻抗变化情况, 据此描述了铁阳极在浓NaOH溶液中超钝化区极化时的阶段特征.     

缓蚀膜电化学行为与微观粘附力特征

采用传统电化学测试技术及原子力显微镜(AFM)力曲线分析法对十二烷基硫醇/金电极以及十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)/铝电极表面缓蚀吸附膜的吸附行为进行了研究. 结果表明, 随缓蚀剂浓度改变, 电极电化学行为与缓蚀膜的微观粘附力特征呈现出关联性的变化趋势, 表明AFM力曲线技术可成功应用于缓蚀膜吸附行为的研究.     

不同聚合度聚乙二醇对A30碳钢的缓蚀性能

通过开路电位测量法、动电位极化曲线法和电化学阻抗谱法研究了表面活性剂聚乙二醇对A30碳钢的缓蚀作用,初步推测了其缓蚀机理．分别选取聚合度为600、2000、4000、6000的四种聚乙二醇进行实验,结果表明,聚乙二醇对碳钢的最高缓蚀率接近90％．聚乙二醇分子量对缓蚀作用有明显影响,相同浓度时聚合度越大,缓蚀性能越强．三种方法得到的结果具有同一性．     

油溶性缓蚀剂ω,ω’-双(1-辛基苯并咪唑-2-基)烷烃的合成及缓蚀性能研究

合成了系列ω,ω’-双(1-辛基苯并咪唑-2-基)烷烃油溶性缓蚀剂,并通过红外、质谱等进行结构表征。通过恒电位极化曲线,考察了此类缓蚀剂在2×10-4mol/L H2S-乙醇溶液中对铜电极极化曲线的影响。结果表明,此系列油溶性缓蚀剂对铜电极具有明显的缓蚀作用,且对金属铜的缓蚀效率高,作为润滑油添加剂具有很好的应用前景。     

通过红外光谱结合化学计量学方法研究奥克托今的合成机理

通过红外(IR)光谱在线监测醋酐法合成奥克托今(HMX)的反应过程, 采用渐进因子分析(EFA)结合多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法(MCR-ALS)以及直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)等化学计量学方法对反应过程的光谱数据矩阵进行解析, 获得了各组分浓度变化曲线和对应的IR光谱; 并采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G^*基组水平上得到该化合物的全优化结构, 在振动分析的基础上求得体系的振动频率和IR光谱. 通过对比发现, MCR-ALS和HELP法可得出相互验证的一致结论; 将通过量子化学计算的中间体的IR光谱特征吸收峰与2种方法进行比较, 结果吻合, 从而推导出合理的反应机理. 实验结果表明, 化学计量学方法结合在线红外光谱是研究反应机理的有效手段, 对反应路线的选择具有指导意义.