Experimental verification of some elastic properties of unidirectional composites

The first part of the paper deals with homogenization models of unidirectional composites, in which each phase of the material is bounded by parallel cylindrical surfaces. For a GFRP with epoxy resin and glass fibres, five elastic constants for six models of the composite are calculated. In the second part, the results of strain gauge tests, photoelasticity investigations, and scanning electron inspection are discussed. With these data, some elastic constants of the composite in tension and compression are found. A comparison of experimental and analytical results is presented. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 195–206, March–April, 2008.     

A Discrete Algorithm of Integrated Photoelasticity for Axisymmetric Problems

By measuring stresses in cylinders with no stress gradient in axial direction, the cross-section of the cylinder may be considered as consisting of concentric rings in each of which the stresses are constant. Axial stress distribution in the cylinder is determined stepwise starting with the outermost ring (the so-called onion-peeling method). This paper generalizes the onion-peeling method for the case of axisymmetric stress distributions when stress gradient in the axial direction is present. Measurement of the integrated isoclinic and optical retardation is carried out in two parallel sections which are perpendicular to the specimen axis, Δz apart from each other. The distributions of the axial stress and shear stress are determined directly from the measurement data, using linear approximation of integrated photoelasticity. Other stress components are determined using the equilibrium equation and the compatibility equation (if stresses are due to external loads) or using the generalized sum rule (if residual stresses in glass are measured). The method is less sensitive to measurement errors than the Abel inversion. In comparison with the polynomial approximation of the stress distributions, the onion-peeling method gives more adequate results if stress distribution is not smooth. The paper is illustrated with several applications.     

帽子山周围现代构造应力场的实验研究

光弹性模拟实验表明,江西核电厂帽子山厂址区域范围内现代构造应力场分布不均匀在大别山北部、泾县及其西北地区、九江-瑞昌地区、德兴东南地区出现应力集中;而在帽子山厂址、厂址附近地区及厂址区域范围内应力强度很低.由于深断裂的特定组合,导致厂址区域范围内主应力方位有规律地变化,据此可判断不同稳定性分区的叠加断裂角.帽子山厂址一主要断裂的叠加断裂角为80°左右,在现代构造应力场中无活动的可能性.     

On the photoelastic constants and the Brewster law for stressed tetragonal crystals

An exact knowledge of the mechanical and optical properties of crystals allows not only for theoretical advances, but it is also a useful tool to asses crystal quality in the technological processes of growth and production of advanced crystals like, eg, scintillators. In this paper, we study the elasto‐optic behavior of tetragonal crystals to evaluate the photoelastic constants, associated to various states of stress, in terms of the components of the piezo‐optic tensor. Moreover, we arrive at a generalization, for tetragonal crystals, of the Brewster law for optically isotropic materials.     

Stress Concentration in an Orthotropic Plate with a Circular Hole under Dynamic Loading

The paper sets forth a photoelastic method for the determination of the dynamic stress concentration factor near a hole in an orthotropic plate. The stress distribution at the periphery of a circular hole is analyzed. The stress concentration factors for orthotropic and isotropic plates under dynamic and statical loading are compared     

五腿混凝土平台的三维光弹性应力分析

本文叙述了三维光弹性在五腿混凝土平台中的应用。为了简化和完成这个试验,采用了模拟四分之一的平台结构的光弹性模型,它承受着与原型相应的各种荷载,并且仔细地处理了它的边界约束条件。实验分析采用冻结法,最后确定了一些重要截面内外边界上的轴向和环向应力,并且得到了腿柱和罐体连接部位的应力集中。     

不耦合装药爆炸应力场的动光弹研究

用动光弹方法定量研究了多个不耦合系数下爆炸应力场衰减规律。模型材料为环氧树脂平板。研究表明:当不耦合系数在1～1.75之间取值时,比例距离在15～60范围内,|(?)/(?)|max的值介于3.21～5.00之间,|(?)/(?)|max的值介于小4.61～9.50之间。     

用流体双折射的位相差积分法定量分析具有对称平面的三维流场

本文对流体双折射方法做了简单的回顾。用位相差积分理论导出了具有对称平面双折射介质所适用的公式。作为实例,我们定量分析了扩张和收缩管中的剪应变率分布。     

一种求解平面接触应力问题的光弹性—数值组合方法

本文提出一种求解平面接触应力最大值的光弹性—数值计算组合方法,仅从光弹性等差线上采集实验数据,然后用牛顿—拉斐逊技术与最小二乘法相结合计算出结果。文中推导了控制方程,阐述了方法,研究了实验数据取值区域、取值个数以及接触长度测试误差等因素的影响。用两类平面接触问题作为应用实例,结果符合工程要求的精度。     

Dynamic photoelastic study of wave fields in elastic plates with stress concentrators

The method of dynamic photoelasticity is used to study the dynamic failure of structural members in the form of plates with a curvilinear (circular or elliptic) hole and an isolated crack under impulsive loading. The time-dependences of the stress intensity factors and the crack tip velocity are investigated for two types of models __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 84–92, December 2005.